Oceanic protists with different forms of acquired phototrophy display contrasting biogeographies and abundance
Oceanic protists with different forms of acquired phototrophy display contrasting biogeographies and abundance
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.0664
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发表时间：
2017-08-16
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Vage, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leles, S. G.;Mitra, A.;Vage, S.
这是第一次全面分析全球海洋原生生物浮游生物与后天的光养显示这些mixotrophic生物是无处不在的和丰富的，但是，它们的生态学显着不同的功能组之间。这些混合营养体，缺乏光合作用的组成能力（即非组成型混合营养体，NCMs），通过整合猎物质体或通过与光合微生物的内共生协会获得其光合潜力。对现场数据的分析表明，40-60%的传统上标记为（非光养）微型浮游动物的浮游生物实际上是NCM，除了摄食外，还采用后天的光养。专业的NCM从特定的猎物获得叶绿体或内共生体，而通才的NCM从各种猎物获得叶绿体。这些不同的功能类型的NCMs表现出不同的季节和空间的全球分布模式。混合营养体依赖于“偷来的”叶绿体，由猎物的多样性和丰富度控制，在高生物量地区占主导地位。混合营养体窝藏完整的共生体存在于所有的沃茨，并占主导地位，特别是在贫营养开放的海洋系统。对比的时间和空间分布模式的不同mixotrophs功能类型的海洋省份，在这项研究中发现，挑战传统的解释海洋食物网结构。具有获得性光养的混合营养生物在海洋研究中值得更多的重视。
This first comprehensive analysis of the global biogeography of marine protistan plankton with acquired phototrophy shows these mixotrophic organisms to be ubiquitous and abundant; however, their biogeography differs markedly between different functional groups. These mixotrophs, lacking a constitutive capacity for photosynthesis (i.e. non-constitutive mixotrophs, NCMs), acquire their phototrophic potential through either integration of prey-plastids or through endosymbiotic associations with photosynthetic microbes. Analysis of field data reveals that 40-60% of plankton traditionally labelled as (non-phototrophic) microzooplankton are actually NCMs, employing acquired phototrophy in addition to phagotrophy. Specialist NCMs acquire chloroplasts or endosymbionts from specific prey, while generalist NCMs obtain chloroplasts from a variety of prey. These contrasting functional types of NCMs exhibit distinct seasonal and spatial global distribution patterns. Mixotrophs reliant on 'stolen' chloroplasts, controlled by prey diversity and abundance, dominate in high-biomass areas. Mixotrophs harbouring intact symbionts are present in all waters and dominate particularly in oligotrophic open ocean systems. The contrasting temporal and spatial patterns of distribution of different mixotroph functional types across the oceanic provinces, as revealed in this study, challenges traditional interpretations of marine food web structures. Mixotrophs with acquired phototrophy (NCMs) warrant greater recognition in marine research.