Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y in relation to energy balance.
Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y in relation to energy balance.
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下丘脑神经肽 Y 与能量平衡的关系。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48939.x
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Leibowitz,SF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leibowitz,SF
一种新的肽，神经肽ynpy。一个c端酪氨酸酰胺。它于1982年从大脑中分离出来。这种肽被命名为神经肽Y （INPY）。有36个氨基酸。其一级结构含有5个酪氨酸残基，与肽YY （PYY）和胰多肽具有结构相似性。在隔离NPY之后。各种研究表明，NPY广泛分布于中枢和周围神经系统，并具有多种生理功能。包括调节神经内分泌分泌和昼夜节律。完婚和生殖行为的调节，以及交感心血管的控制。NPY的结构在进化过程中一直保守，对NPY结构功能的研究表明，NPY的c端酰胺结构对其生物活性至关重要。此外。研究发现，NPY在突触前和突触后都起作用，并且NPY的整个结构似乎是其功能作用所必需的，而分子的c端部分足以发挥功能作用。本文将重点讨论NPY对完婚行为及相关内分泌和代谢系统的影响。众所周知，神经肽Y在下丘脑内的浓度特别高，因为下丘脑是能量稳态和神经自主神经系统最关键的结构。在某些下丘脑神经元中，他的肽也被认为与经典的神经递质共存。即。去甲肾上腺素内尔。肾上腺素，tEPb和血清素（5-HT）。最近的研究。基于大量证据表明，NE和5-HIT在下丘脑中具有强大而明确的作用。这表明，这些下丘脑神经回路可能为局部大脑区域的检查提供了极好的模型系统。大脑中肽胺相互作用的确切性质及其在控制摄食行为和特定内分泌和代谢过程中的生理功能。现在各种各样的证据表明，大多数神经元利用一种以上的递质来完成它们的功能。这种递质的神经元共存极大地增加了到达突触后细胞的信息数量。影响其代谢和电状态。通过免疫组化技术，我们发现某些多肽与单胺共存于外周和大脑的神经元和神经分泌细胞中。“这些神经肽和经典的神经递质可能位于相同或不同的亚细胞细胞器内，研究人员试图确定神经递质与其受体之间相互作用的本质。”肽可以直接通过自身的肽能受体起作用，独立于单胺，它们也可能以依赖的方式起作用，要么通过突触前调节离子胺的释放，要么通过突触后调节单胺效应反应
A novel peptide, neuropeptide Y NPY. with a C-terminal tyrosine amide. swas isolated from the brain in 1982.'This peptide, named neurpeptide Y INPY). has 36 amino acids. contains five tyrosine residues in its primary structure, and has structural similarities to peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptidc. Following the isolation of NPY. a variets of studies has delnonstrated that NPY is widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous sv slems and has a multiplicity of physiological functions. including the regulation of neuroendocrine secretion and circadian rhythmicit,. modulation of consummatory and reproductive behavior, and sympathetic cardiovascular control. The structure of NPY has been\xcll conserved during evolution, and studies of the structure-function of NPY indicate that the C-terminal amide structure of NPY is critical for its biological acti, ity. Moreover. NPY is found to act at both the pre-and postjunctional levels, ahd the whole structure of NPY appears to be required for its postiunctional effects, while a C-terminal portion of the molecule is sufficient for exerting the prcjunctional effects. This review\will concentrate on the effects of NPY on consummatory beha% ior and associated endocrine and metabolic systems. Neuropeptide Y is known to have particularly high concentrations within the hypothalamus, as: ructure which is most critically involved in energy homeostasis and neuroen,,,: rineautonomic sstenis.]'his peptidc is also known to coexist, in certain hypothalamic neurons, with the classical aniner-ic neurotransmitters. namely. norepinephrine NEL. epinephrine tEPb and serotonin (5-HT). Recent studies. building on extensive evidence showingz NE and 5-HIT to have potent and well-defined effects within the hypothalamus.'-suggest that these h., pothalanic neurocircuits may provide excellent model systems for examining, in locali/ed brain areas., the precise nature of the peptide-amine interaction,, in the brain and their physiological function in controlling ingestive behavior and Npecific endocrine and metabolic processes. A wide variety of evidence now% indicates that most neurons utilize more than one transmitter to perform their functions. This neuronal coexistence of transmitters greatly increases the number of messages that reach the postsynaptic cell. to affect its metabolic and electrical state. Through immunohistochernical technique,,, certain peptides have been identified and found to coexist with the monoamines in neurons and neurosecretory cells of the periphery and brain.'These neuropeptides and the classical neurotransmitters may be colocalized in the same or different subellular organelles\xithin the ner\e terminal, and investigators have attempted to deter-ine tle nature of the interaction between the ncurotransnlittcrs and their receptors. The peptides may act directl\via incir own peptidcrgic receptors and independently of the rmonoaniuies they may also act in a dependent fashion, either presynaptically through modulating the release of the nionoamines or postsynapticall through modulation of the monoaminergic efflector response or