Diverse Roles of Mitochondria in Immune Responses: Novel Insights Into Immuno-Metabolism.
Diverse Roles of Mitochondria in Immune Responses: Novel Insights Into Immuno-Metabolism.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2018.01605
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Tan M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Angajala A;Lim S;Phillips JB;Kim JH;Yates C;You Z;Tan M
缺乏免疫系统细胞或免疫细胞分化受损是许多慢性疾病的基础。代谢变化可能是这种免疫细胞损伤的根本原因。这些变化可能是转录改变、周围细胞产生细胞因子以及代谢途径变化的结果。免疫和线粒体是相互联系的。线粒体的一个重要特征是它可以调节免疫细胞的活化、分化和存活。此外，它还可以释放线粒体DNA（mtDNA）和线粒体ROS（mtROS）等信号，调节免疫细胞的转录。从目前的文献中，我们发现线粒体可以以不同的方式调节免疫。首先，代谢途径（TCA循环，氧化磷酸化和FAO）的改变和线粒体诱导的转录变化可能导致免疫细胞中完全不同的结果。例如，M1巨噬细胞表现出破坏的TCA循环并具有促炎作用。相比之下，M2巨噬细胞经历β-氧化以产生抗炎反应。此外，氨基酸代谢，特别是精氨酸、谷氨酰胺、丝氨酸、甘氨酸和色氨酸，对于T细胞分化和巨噬细胞极化至关重要。其次，线粒体可以激活炎症反应。例如，线粒体抗病毒信号传导和NLRP 3可以被线粒体激活。第三，线粒体的质量和流动性可以受到裂变和融合的影响。核分裂和核融合会影响免疫功能。最后，线粒体被放置在免疫细胞的内质网（ER）附近。因此，线粒体和ER连接信号也可以影响免疫细胞代谢。线粒体机制如代谢途径、氨基酸代谢、抗氧化系统、线粒体动力学、mtDNA、线粒体自噬和线粒体ROS对免疫功能至关重要。在这里，我们已经证明了线粒体如何协调改变免疫反应，以及线粒体机制的变化如何有助于免疫反应的改变。更好地了解线粒体的分子组成是必要的。这可以帮助开发安全有效的免疫疗法或预防慢性疾病。在这篇综述中，我们对驱动各种免疫反应的线粒体机制提出了最新的展望。
Lack of immune system cells or impairment in differentiation of immune cells is the basis for many chronic diseases. Metabolic changes could be the root cause for this immune cell impairment. These changes could be a result of altered transcription, cytokine production from surrounding cells, and changes in metabolic pathways. Immunity and mitochondria are interlinked with each other. An important feature of mitochondria is it can regulate activation, differentiation, and survival of immune cells. In addition, it can also release signals such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) to regulate transcription of immune cells. From current literature, we found that mitochondria can regulate immunity in different ways. First, alterations in metabolic pathways (TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and FAO) and mitochondria induced transcriptional changes can lead to entirely different outcomes in immune cells. For example, M1 macrophages exhibit a broken TCA cycle and have a pro-inflammatory role. By contrast, M2 macrophages undergo β-oxidation to produce anti-inflammatory responses. In addition, amino acid metabolism, especially arginine, glutamine, serine, glycine, and tryptophan, is critical for T cell differentiation and macrophage polarization. Second, mitochondria can activate the inflammatory response. For instance, mitochondrial antiviral signaling and NLRP3 can be activated by mitochondria. Third, mitochondrial mass and mobility can be influenced by fission and fusion. Fission and fusion can influence immune functions. Finally, mitochondria are placed near the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in immune cells. Therefore, mitochondria and ER junction signaling can also influence immune cell metabolism. Mitochondrial machinery such as metabolic pathways, amino acid metabolism, antioxidant systems, mitochondrial dynamics, mtDNA, mitophagy, and mtROS are crucial for immune functions. Here, we have demonstrated how mitochondria coordinate to alter immune responses and how changes in mitochondrial machinery contribute to alterations in immune responses. A better understanding of the molecular components of mitochondria is necessary. This can help in the development of safe and effective immune therapy or prevention of chronic diseases. In this review, we have presented an updated prospective of the mitochondrial machinery that drives various immune responses.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
--
作者：
Arora R;Schmitt D;Karanam B;Tan M;Yates C;Dean-Colomb W
通讯作者：
Dean-Colomb W
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Adamson S;Leitinger N
通讯作者：
Leitinger N
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Abarca-Rojano, Edgar;Muniz-Hernandez, Sae;Javier Sanchez-Garcia, F.
通讯作者：
Javier Sanchez-Garcia, F.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Baixauli, Francesc;Martin-Cofreces, Noa B.;Sanchez-Madrid, Francisco
通讯作者：
Sanchez-Madrid, Francisco
影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Buck MD;Sowell RT;Kaech SM;Pearce EL
通讯作者：
Pearce EL