Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic removal of ammonia-nitrogen in aquaculture systems
Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic removal of ammonia-nitrogen in aquaculture systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.019
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发表时间：
2006-06-30
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Bisogni, J. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ebeling, James M.;Timmons, Michael B.;Bisogni, J. J.
在集约化水产养殖系统中，来自饲料代谢的氨氮积累通常是继溶解氧之后提高产量水平的第二个限制因素。传统上用于去除水产养殖系统中的氨氮的三种氮转化途径是藻类的光合自养去除、自养细菌将氨氮转化为硝酸盐氮以及异养细菌将氨氮直接转化为微生物生物量。传统上，池塘水产养殖使用基于光合自养藻类的系统来控制无机氮积累。目前，在强化循环生产系统中控制氨氮的主要策略是使用大型固定细胞生物反应器。该方案利用化学合成自养细菌、氨氧化细菌（AOB）和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌（NOB）将氨氮硝化为亚硝酸盐氮，最后硝化为硝酸盐氮。在过去几年中，已开发出基于异养细菌的零交换管理系统，并已推广用于海洋对虾的集约化生产。在第三种途径中，通过添加有机碳质底物刺激异养细菌生长。在较高的碳氮比（C/N）下，异养菌将氨氮直接同化为细胞蛋白。本文综述了这三种氨去除途径，利用半反应关系建立了一套化学计量平衡关系，并讨论了它们对水质的影响。此外，微生物生长的基本原理是用来表征生产的挥发性和总悬浮固体的自养和异养系统。(c)2006 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
In intensive aquaculture systems, ammonia-nitrogen buildup from the metabolism of feed is usually the second limiting factor to increase production levels after dissolved oxygen. The three nitrogen conversion pathways traditionally used for the removal of ammonia-nitrogen in aquaculture systems are photoautotrophic removal by algae, autotrophic bacterial conversion of ammonia-nitrogen to nitrate-nitrogen, and heterotrophic bacterial conversion of ammonia-nitrogen directly to microbial biomass. Traditionally, pond aquaculture has used photoautotrophic algae based systems to control inorganic nitrogen buildup. Currently, the primary strategy in intensive recirculating production systems for controlling ammonia-nitrogen is using large fixed-cell bioreactors. This option utilizes chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria, Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) and Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria (NOB), for the nitrification of ammonia-nitrogen to nitrite-nitrogen and finally to nitrate-nitrogen. In the past several years, zero-exchange management systems have been developed that are based on heterotrophic bacteria and have been promoted for the intensive production of marine shrimp. In this third pathway, heterotrophic bacterial growth is stimulated through the addition of organic carbonaceous substrate. At high carbon to nitrogen (C/N) feed ratios, heterotrophic bacteria will assimilate ammonia-nitrogen directly into cellular protein. This paper reviews these three ammonia removal pathways, develops a set of stoichiometric balanced relationships using half-reaction relationships, and discusses their impact on water quality. In addition, microbial growth fundamentals are used to characterize production of volatile and total suspended solids for autotrophic and heterotrophic systems. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.