Persistence of Highly Pathogenic and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Footbaths and Poultry Manure
Persistence of Highly Pathogenic and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Footbaths and Poultry Manure
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DOI：
10.1637/11495-091916-reg
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Gallardo, R. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hauck, R.;Crossley, B.;Gallardo, R. A.
设计了一份调查问卷，以收集有关加州州不同生产单位的床上用品材料和足浴盆准备和维护的信息。这些信息被用于计划两个实验。在第一个实验中，我们测试了足浴在灭活橡胶靴上的高致病性（HP）和低致病性（LP）禽流感病毒（AIV）方面的有效性。令人惊讶的是，基于季铵和季铵+戊二醛的足浴不能消除靴子上的活HPAIV（H5N8）和LPAIV（H6N2）颗粒，而基于氯的颗粒状消毒剂能够在接触时破坏病毒。这些结果表明，AIV，特别是HPAIV分离株，即使暴露于消毒足浴，也有可能持续存在，并表明足浴作为单一工具，不能防止病原体引入商业鸡群。在第二个实验中，我们调查了HPAIV（H5N8）和LPAIV（H6N2）在从火鸡、肉鸡和蛋鸡商业生产单位获得的垫料和粪便中的持久性。在加标垫料和粪便后的不同时间采集样品。结果表明，HPAIV（H5N8）在肉鸡和火鸡产蛋鸡粪便和垫料中的持久性高于LPAIV（H6N2）。活HPAIV颗粒持续96小时，最后一个时间点测量，在蛋鸡粪便和小于60小时，在肉鸡和火鸡垫料。与此相反，LPAIV持续不到24小时后，在所有不同的基板被加标。为了确定有效的垫料处理方法，摧毁垫料中的活病毒，有必要进一步研究足浴准备和保养等生物安全做法，并更好地了解AIV持久性增加的机制。
A questionnaire was designed in order to gather information about bedding material and footbath preparation and maintenance in different productive units across the state of California. This information was used to plan two experiments. In the first experiment, we tested the effectiveness of footbaths in inactivating highly pathogenic (HP) and low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza viruses (AIVs) on rubber boots. Surprisingly, quaternary ammonia-and quaternary ammonia + glutaraldehyde-based footbaths were not able to eliminate live HPAIV (H5N8) and LPAIV (H6N2) particles on boots, while a chlorine-based granulated disinfectant was able to destroy the virus at contact. These results demonstrated the potential of AIV, particularly the HPAIV isolate, to persist even if exposed to disinfecting footbaths, and suggest that footbaths, as a single tool, are not capable of preventing pathogen introduction into commercial flocks. In the second experiment, we investigated the persistence of HPAIV (H5N8) and LPAIV (H6N2) in bedding material and feces obtained from turkey, broiler, and egg-layer commercial productive units. Samples were collected at different times after spiking the bedding materials and feces. Results showed that HPAIV (H5N8) was more persistent than LPAIV (H6N2) in layer feces and bedding material obtained from commercial broilers and turkeys. Live HPAIV particles persisted 96 hr, the last time point measured, in layer feces and less than 60 hr in broiler and turkey bedding. In contrast, LPAIV persisted less than 24 hr after being spiked in all the different substrates. Further research in biosecurity practices such as footbath preparation and maintenance and better understanding of the mechanism of the increased persistence of AIV is warranted in order to identify effective litter treatments that destroy live virus in bedding material.