MORTALITY OF WORKERS AT THE SELLAFIELD PLANT OF BRITISH-NUCLEAR-FUELS
MORTALITY OF WORKERS AT THE SELLAFIELD PLANT OF BRITISH-NUCLEAR-FUELS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1136/bmj.293.6551.845
复制
发表时间：
1986-10-04
影响因子：
105.7
通讯作者：
DOUGLAS, AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SMITH, PG;DOUGLAS, AJ
在1947年英国核燃料塞拉菲尔德工厂开业至1975年12月31日之间的任何时间，对已知在该工厂工作的14,327人的死亡率进行了研究，直至1983年底。96%的工人的生命状态得到了满意的追踪，发现2277人死亡，572人（25%）死于癌症。平均而言，工人的各种原因死亡率比英格兰和威尔士的一般人口低2%，比坎伯兰（工厂所在地区）的人口低9%。他们的各种癌症死亡率比英格兰和威尔士低5%比坎伯兰低3%在他们第一次就业后的五年里，塞拉菲尔德的工人的总体死亡率是英格兰和威尔士的70%，可能是由于人口中更健康的成员被选中就业。发现几个特定部位的癌症死亡率升高，但只有那些不明确和继发性部位的癌症死亡率才有统计学意义（观察到30例，预期19.7例）。肝癌和胆囊癌的死亡率显著下降（观察到4例，预期10.5例）。在核电站可能受到辐射照射的区域工作的工人发放了剂量计，以测量他们受到电离辐射的外部照射。对进入这些区域的工作人员保存了个人剂量记录，但不经常记录。有个人剂量记录的工人（“辐射”工人）所有原因的死亡率比其他工人低，但两组的癌症死亡率相似。与一般人群相比，放射工作人员在肝癌、胆囊癌、肺癌和霍奇金病方面有统计学上显著的缺陷。骨髓瘤（观察到7例，预计4.2例）和前列腺癌（观察到19例，预计15.8例）的死亡人数过多，但这些都不显著，也没有证据表明白血病（观察到10例，预计12.2例）或胰腺癌（观察到15例，预计17.8例）的死亡人数过多。非辐射工作人员有明显的白血病缺陷（观察到1人死亡，预计5.1人死亡）和明显超出不明确和继发性部位的癌症（观察到13人死亡，预计5.8人死亡）。对于任何类型的癌症，在辐射和非辐射工作人员之间，观察到的死亡率与预期死亡率的比率没有显著差异。（摘要删节为400字）
The mortality of all 14,327 people who were known to have been employed at the Sellafield plant of British Nuclear Fuels at any time between the opening of the site in 1947 and 31 December 1975 was studied up to the end of 1983. The vital state of 96% of the workers was traced satisfactorily and 2277 were found to have died, 572 (25%) from cancer. On average the workers suffered a mortality from all causes that was 2% less than that of the general population of England and Wales and 9% less than that of the population of Cumberland (the area in which the plant is sited). Their mortality from cancers of all kinds was 5% less than that of England and Wales and 3% less than that of Cumberland. In the five years after their first employment Sellafield workers had an overall mortality that was 70% of that of England and Wales, probably due to healthier members of the population being selected for employment. Raised death rates from cancers of several specific sites were found, but only for those of ill defined and secondary sites was the excess statistically significant (30 observed, 19.7 expected). For cancers of the liver and gall bladder there was a significant deficit of deaths (four observed, 10.5 expected). Workers in areas of the plant where radiation exposure was likely were issued with dosimeters to measure their external exposure to ionising radiations. Personal dose records were maintained for workers who entered such areas other than infrequently. Workers with personal dose records ("radiation" workers) had lower death rates from all causes combined than other workers but the death rates from cancer in the two groups were similar. Compared with the general population radiation workers had statistically significant deficits of liver and gall bladder cancer, lung cancer, and Hodgkin's disease. There were excesses of deaths from myeloma (seven observed, 4.2 expected) and prostatic cancer (19 observed, 15.8 expected) but these were not significant and there was no evidence of an excess of leukaemia (10 deaths observed, 12.2 expected) or cancer of the pancreas (15 observed, 17.8 expected). Non-radiation workers had a significant deficit of leukaemia (one death observed, 5.1 expected) and a significant excess of cancers of ill defined and secondary sites (13 deaths observed, 5.8 expected). For no type of cancer was the ratio of observed to expected deaths significantly different between radiation and non-radiation workers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)