The role and effectiveness of napping on the work performances of shift workers.
The role and effectiveness of napping on the work performances of shift workers.
复制标题
午睡对轮班工人工作绩效的作用和有效性。
作者：
Michelle Kemper
根据美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）的数据，美国人在夜间工作的频率越来越高，睡眠的数量和质量都在下降。这种睡眠中断不仅会对工人的身心健康产生有害影响，还会对他们所工作的公司的财务健康产生有害影响。根据美国国家睡眠基金会（National Sleep Foundation）的数据[3]，由于工作失误、损害和健康后果，工作中的困倦造成了大约180亿美元的损失。工作时间的增加往往是工人工作日延长的结果。然而，一些工人，包括卫生保健专业人员、煤气服务员、消防员、卡车司机、飞行员、女服务员和工厂工人，被安排在夜间和晚上长期或轮班工作。根据劳工统计局的数据，现在有1550万轮班工人[12]。随着这种类型的工作实践在美国变得更加突出，作为我们的“24小时社会”的结果，预计经历睡眠债务的工人数量将增加。被解雇的工人对包括切尔诺贝利和三里岛在内的几起重大工业灾难负有责任。在轮班期间小睡是睡眠研究人员提出的一种帮助减少睡眠损失的解决方案。休息良好的工人被认为可以增加中枢神经系统的唤醒，提高警惕性，更快的反应时间，改善情绪和提高整体工作表现[1]。最近，关于在轮班期间小睡的价值的辩论到达了夏威夷的州议会[2]。一位立法者认为，需要制定一项法律，允许工人小睡10分钟，而其他人则提出了一项修正案，要求雇员在工作4小时后工作10分钟。这场政治争论说明了人们对工作时间小睡的成本和收益的不同看法。为了更好地理解这一争论，本文描述了一项研究，提出了以下问题：午睡是否会影响轮班工人的工作表现？
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [12], Americans are working more often during the night and experiencing a decrease in the quantity and quality of their sleep. This disruption in sleep can have harmful effects not only on the physical and psychological health of workers, but also on the financial health of the companies for whom they work. According to the National Sleep Foundation [3], sleepiness on the job accounts for a loss of approximately $18 billion due to errors, damage, and health consequences. Often, increased working hours are the result of longer working days for workers. Some workers, however, including health care professionals, gas attendants, firefighters, truckers, pilots, waitresses, and factory workers are scheduled to work at night and in the evenings on permanent or rotating shifts. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, there are now 15.5 million shift workers [12]. As this type of work practice becomes more prominent in the United States, as a result of our “24-hour society”, the numbers of workers experiencing sleep debt is expected to increase. Fatigued workers have been held accountable for several major industrial disasters including Chernobyl and ThreeMile Island [5]. Napping during work shifts is one solution that has been proposed by sleep researchers to help reduce sleep loss. Well-rested workers are believed to have increased central nervous system arousal, increased vigilance, faster reaction times, improved mood and improved overall work performance [1]. Recently, the debate regarding the value of napping during work shifts reached the state legislature of Hawaii [2]. While one legislator argued that a law was needed to allow ten-minute naps for workers, others rebutted by submitting a amendment in jest requiring employees to work ten minutes after four hours of work. This political dispute illustrates the differing opinions regarding the costs and benefits of napping at work. In an effort to better understand the debate, this paper describes research that asks the following question: Does napping affect job performance of shift workers?