Environmental and societal factors affect food choice and physical activity: Rationale, influences, and leverage points
Environmental and societal factors affect food choice and physical activity: Rationale, influences, and leverage points
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb06983.x
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Hays, NP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Booth, SL;Sallis, JF;Hays, NP
影响健康的饮食和身体活动行为受到各种力量的影响;这些行为的改变需要多层次的干预和行动承诺。L. 2以教育为基础的肥胖预防策略（例如，通过大众媒体宣传健康食品和通过学校宣传健康的体育活动习惯）被认为是最有用和最可行的。这些策略中隐含的是对个人的关注？基于教育的战略在改变行为方面取得了有限的长期成功：然而，这可能是由于普遍缺乏支持性的环境改造。人们日益认识到环境在塑造行为方面的重要性，但人们对侧重于改变环境因素的战略却不太熟悉，因此可能需要与传统卫生领域以外的相关部门建立伙伴关系。如Economos等人更详细描述的：研究人员、教育工作者、政府和工业界之间的伙伴关系在减少人口吸烟方面取得了成功。在美国，税收和广告条例等干预措施有助于促进戒烟，农业和农业综合企业也利用这些措施来促进特定的食品消费模式。类似的合作或干预模式可能会成功地改变食物摄入量和身体活动，并可能导致预防和减少肥胖等理想的结果。6认识到多种环境因素之间的相互作用以及复杂的行为变化取决于不同层次的不同影响是很重要的。在第11工作组中，我们承担了识别更广泛的背景、环境、社会和政策变量的任务，这些变量可能会提高我们对人们饮食和身体活动行为的理解，并可能导致影响行为变化的新方向。行为学模型和大多数健康促进模型都指出，健康行为受到生物学、人口统计学、心理学、社会文化、环境和政策变量的影响。然而，确定具体的重要环境和政策变量的研究基础非常有限。'.“然而，有几个原因支持需要确定环境和政策对身体活动和饮食行为的影响。
Dietary and physical activity behaviors that affect health are influenced by a wide variety of forces; changes in these behaviors require interventions and commitment to action at multiple levels. l. 2 Education-based obesity-prevention strategies (eg, mass-media promotion of healthy foods and promotion of healthy physical activity habits through schools) are viewed as the most useful and the most feasible to im~ lement.~ Implicit in these strategies is the focus on the individual? Education-based strategies have met with limited long-term success in changing behavior: however, perhaps owing to a general lack of supporting environmental modifications. There is increasing recognition of the importance of the environment in shaping behavior, yet strategies that focus on changing environmental factors are much less familiar, and may therefore require partnerships with relevant sectors outside traditional health domains. As described in greater detail by Economos et al.: partnerships among researchers, educators, government, and industry have demonstrated success in smoking reduction at the population level. Interventions such as taxation and advertisement regulations have been instrumental in promoting smoking cessation in the United States and are used by agriculture and agribusiness interests to promote specific food consumption patterns. Similar models of collaborations or interventions may be successful in changing food intake and physical activity, and may potentially result in such desirable outcomes as prevention and reduction of obesity. 6 It is important to appreciate the interaction among multiple environmental factors and that complex behavior changes are dependent on different influences at different levels.In Working Group 11, we took on the task of identifying broader contextual, environmental, societal, and policy variables that may improve our understanding of people's eating and physical activity behaviors and may lead to new directions for influencing shifts in behavior. Ecologic models of behavior, and most health promotion models, specify that health behaviors be influenced by biologic, demographic, psychological, sociaYcultura1, environmental, and policy variables. However, the research base that identifies specific important environmental and policy variables is very limited.'."'Nevertheless, there are several reasons that support the need to identify environmental and policy influences on physical activity and eating behaviors.