Advances in Inhalation Dosimetry Models and Methods for Occupational Risk Assessment and Exposure Limit Derivation.
Advances in Inhalation Dosimetry Models and Methods for Occupational Risk Assessment and Exposure Limit Derivation.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/15459624.2015.1060328
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Jarabek AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuempel ED;Sweeney LM;Morris JB;Jarabek AM
本文的目的是为职业卫生专业人员提供一个概述和实用指南，涉及在风险评估中推导和使用剂量估计值，以制定吸入性物质的职业暴露限值（OEL）。剂量测定是测量或估计个人或群体中物质的内部剂量的研究和实践。因此，剂量测定为理解外部照射与生物反应之间的关系提供了重要的联系。使用剂量测定原理和工具可以提高风险评估的准确性，并通过提供靶组织内部剂量的可靠估计来降低不确定性。这是通过特定的测量数据或预测模型（如果可用）或使用广泛类别材料的基本剂量学原理来实现的。准确的剂量估计不仅对剂量-反应评估至关重要，而且对物种间外推和特定照射的风险定性也至关重要。吸入剂量学是本文的重点，因为它是在工作场所的主要途径暴露。提供了吸入气体和颗粒物的剂量估算和OEL推导的实例。
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview and practical guide to occupational health professionals concerning the derivation and use of dose estimates in risk assessment for development of occupational exposure limits (OELs) for inhaled substances. Dosimetry is the study and practice of measuring or estimating the internal dose of a substance in individuals or a population. Dosimetry thus provides an essential link to understanding the relationship between an external exposure and a biological response. Use of dosimetry principles and tools can improve the accuracy of risk assessment, and reduce the uncertainty, by providing reliable estimates of the internal dose at the target tissue. This is accomplished through specific measurement data or predictive models, when available, or the use of basic dosimetry principles for broad classes of materials. Accurate dose estimation is essential not only for dose-response assessment, but also for interspecies extrapolation and for risk characterization at given exposures. Inhalation dosimetry is the focus of this paper since it is a major route of exposure in the workplace. Practical examples of dose estimation and OEL derivation are provided for inhaled gases and particulates.