Classification and Staging of Bladder Carcinoma
Classification and Staging of Bladder Carcinoma
复制标题
膀胱癌的分类和分期
作者：
G. Prout
膀胱癌是一种慢性的、异质性的、场变的、肿瘤性质的疾病。，它使人痛苦。分期最初考虑原发病变和局部淋巴结累及（Jewett - Strong - Marshall），但该系统不能适应各种疾病特征。为了临床研究的目的，对膀胱癌患者的纵向观察似乎有助于鉴别和分类尿路上皮肿瘤类型的患者。然而，对于一般用途，美国联合委员会的分类提供了关于原发肿瘤的共同分类，T(m)；节点参与，(N)；转移(M);年级,(G);淋巴受累（L+/L−）。它还提供了如何获得这些肿瘤特征或活动的信息，即临床，（cT）；转移性盆腔淋巴结手术活检（sN+）；或膀胱切除术标本的病理评估（pTpN）。该系统使用先前定义的规则，清楚地描述了采用不同方式治疗的不同疾病阶段的患者。它应用于患者的初始和后续随访，特别是在分析治疗结果时。
Bladder carcinoma is a chronic, heterogeneous, field‐change, neoplastic diathesis in most of the patient., that it afflicts. Staging initially considered the primary lesion(s) and local nodal involvement (Jewett‐Strong‐Marshall), but variable disease characteristics cannot be accommodated by this system. For clinical research purposes, longitudinal observations on patients with bladder carcinoma seem useful for identifying and classifying types of patients with types of urothelial neoplasms. For general use, however, the classification of the American Joint Committee provides for common taxonomy concerning the primary tumor(s), T(m); nodal involvement, (N); metastases, (M); grade, (G); and lymphatic involvement, (L+/L−). It also provides for indicating how the information for each of these tumor characteristics or activities was obtained, i.e. clinical, (cT); surgical biopsy of a metastatic pelvic node, (sN+); or pathological evaluation of cystectomy specimen, (pTpN). This system clearly describes patients in different stages of disease treated by different modalities, using previously defined rules. It should be employed in initial and subsequent follow‐up of patients, particularly when analyzing the results of treatment.