Varieties and Universals of Language
Varieties and Universals of Language
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语言的多样性和共性
DOI：
10.1080/13488678.1999.10801013
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Tsuda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Tsuda
本书的出版恰逢世纪之交，人们对语言、种族和文化多样性的重要性的认识日益增强。 《语言的多样性和普遍性》是田中幸子在她二十多年的语言学家和英语教师职业生涯中为学术期刊和大学公报撰写的二十五篇文章的选集。该书涵盖了各种各样的主题，例如“洋泾浜语和克里奥尔语”、“语言习得/教育”、“日本英语”、“话语分析”和“密克罗尼西亚语言”。除《洋泾浜语和克里奥尔语》中的六篇文章和《密克罗尼西亚语言》中的一篇文章外，其余文章均以英文撰写。文章编号为 1 至 25，本次综述也将使用该编号。选集的最后附有她的日语出版物和传记的完整列表。作者于1977年向夏威夷大学提交了关于核密克罗尼西亚语普洛安尼安语语法的博士论文。在占全书三分之一篇幅的《洋泾浜语和克里奥尔语》中，前四篇日文文章为没有任何背景知识的读者提供了很好的介绍。在前两篇文章中，作者通过语言接触解释了洋泾浜语的诞生过程，并声称洋泾浜语或克里奥尔语不是标准语言的变形版本，而是在特殊条件下产生的新语言。在第三条中，她探讨了通过教育和媒体手段使洋泾浜语使用者去克里奥尔化或标准化的现象。她解释说，夏威夷语码中的洋泾浜语和克里奥尔语使用者会在标准英语和洋泾浜语和克里奥尔语之间切换，以保持社区的身份和同志情谊，即使他们已经掌握了标准英语。第五篇和第六篇英文文章利用作者在 1973 年和 1987 年收集的数据来讨论夏威夷洋泾浜英语和克里奥尔英语。第 5 篇全面描述了一位日本移民种植园工人的夏威夷洋泾浜英语的表面句法，该工人深受其母语日语的影响。第 6 条重点关注夏威夷否定的去克雷奥尔化过程
It is timely that this book has been published at the turn of the century when people's awareness for the importance of the varieties of languages, ethnicity and cultures is growing. Varieties and Universals of Language is an anthology of twenty five articles which Sachiko Tanaka wrote for academic journals and university bulletins in more than twenty years of her career as a linguist and English teacher. The book covers a vast variety of topics such as" Pidgins and Creoles"," Language Acquisition/Education"," English in Japan"," Discourse Analysis" and" Micronesian Languages". Except for the six articles in" Pidgin and Creole" and another in" Languages in Micronesia", all of the rest of the articles are written in English. The articles are numbered from 1 to 25, which will also be used in this review. At the end of the anthology, a complete list of her publication and biography in Japanese are included. The author submitted her doctoral dissertation on the Syntax of Pulo Annian, a Nuclear Micronesian Language to the University of Hawaii in 1977.In" Pidgins and Creoles" which takes up one third of the book, the first four Japanese articles serve as a good introduction to the readers without any background knowledge to this topic. In the first two articles, the author explains the process of the birth of pidgin by language contact, and claims that pidgin or creole is not a deformed version of a standard language but a new language which is produced in special conditions. In Article 3, she takes up the phenomenon of decreolization or standardization of pidgin speakers by means of education and media. She explains that pidgin and creole speakers in Hawaii code switch between the standard English and pidgin and creole to keep the identity and comradeship of the community even after they have acquired a standard kind of English. The fifth and sixth English articles deal with Hawaii Pidgin and Creole English by using the data collected by the author in 1973 and 1987. Article 5 gives an overall description of the surface syntax of Hawaii Pidgin English of a Japanese immigrant plantation worker which is heavily influenced by her native language, Japanese. Article 6 focuses on the decreolization process of negation in Hawaii