Gregarious Settlement in Cypris Larvae : the Effects of Cyprid Age and Assay Duration
Gregarious Settlement in Cypris Larvae : the Effects of Cyprid Age and Assay Duration
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鲤鱼幼虫的群居定居 ： 鲤鱼年龄和测定持续时间的影响
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发表时间：
2004
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Thomason
中科院分区：
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作者：
R. Head;K. Berntsson;M. Dahlström;Koos Overbeke;J. Thomason
海洋幼虫的群居行为可能最明显地与在多变或受限的环境中寻找合适的栖息地，或与寻找其他可交配的同种动物有关。先前的工作表明，在使用藤壶 Balanus amphitrite 的鲤鱼幼虫进行的沉降测定中，群居相互作用显着影响了测试有机沉降促进剂和抑制剂活性的实验的解释。其他研究也表明了鲤鱼年龄和信息素浓度对定居行为的影响。然而，群居性与这两个因素之间相互作用的影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是使用 B. amphitrite 和 Balanus improvisus 的鲤鱼幼虫来测试以下假设：i) 随着鲤鱼年龄的增长，群居性的影响变得不那么明显，ii) 随着实验持续时间的增加，群居性的影响变得更加明显。在全析因设计中，使用了三种年龄级别的鲤鱼，其密度为六种。对于B. improvisus cyprids，3个或更多幼虫之间发生显着的群居效应，尽管幼虫年龄和实验持续时间具有显着的主效应，但这些重要因素与群居性之间不存在交互作用。对于 B. amphitrite cyprids，每孔 ⩾ 3 只幼虫也会产生显着的群居效应，尽管这种效应很大程度上取决于实验持续时间。 B. amphitrite cyprid 对同种线索的敏感性不随年龄而改变，尽管增加实验持续时间和年龄相互作用以增加沉降。物种之间的差异可能是由于同种幼虫线索的阈值不同，或者B. improvisus cyprids在探索过程中释放出更多的幼虫临时粘合剂。
Gregarious behaviour of marine larvae is perhaps most clearly associated with finding a suitable habitat in a changeable or restricted environment, or with finding other conspecifics with which to mate. Prior work has shown that in settlement assays using cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite, gregarious interactions significantly affected the interpretation of experiments testing the activity of organic settlement promoters and inhibitors. Other studies have also shown effects of cyprid age and pheromone concentration on settlement behaviour. However, the effects of interactions between gregariousness and these two factors are not known. The aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that i) as cyprids age the effects of gregariousness become less apparent, and ii) as the duration of the experiment increases gregarious effects become more apparent, using cypris larvae of B. amphitrite and Balanus improvisus. Three age classes of cyprids were used at six densities in a fully factorial design. For B. improvisus cyprids significant gregarious effects occurred between 3 or more larvae, and although larval age and experiment duration had significant main effects, there were no interactions between these important factors and gregariousness. For B. amphitrite cyprids significant gregarious effects also occurred with ⩾ 3 larvae per well, though this effect was strongly dependent upon experiment duration. B. amphitrite cyprid sensitivity to conspecific cues does not change with age, although increasing experiment duration and age interact to increase settlement. Differences between species may be due to different thresholds to conspecific larval cues, or B. improvisus cyprids release much more larval temporary adhesive during exploration.