Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppes
Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppes
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DOI：
10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081
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发表时间：
2000-08
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Naples
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作者：
V. Naples
李建军，李建军。2000。《哺乳学》第4版，桑德斯学院出版社，德克萨斯州沃斯堡，565页。ISBN 0-03-025034-X，价格（精装），86.50美元。这是一本很受欢迎的哺乳动物教科书，它很吸引人，科学的插图很华丽，印刷很好读，重要的单词用黑体字排版。每章末尾列出的网站提供了额外的信息。哺乳动物教科书一方面是一篇论文，另一方面是学生的学习工具。几年前，我的班上主要是脊椎动物动物学的研究生，一些人选修古生物学，所有人都选修比较解剖学。在我的教学中（63个学期，每个学期2-3节课），学生以本科生为主。我喜欢这本书，但是对于今天的许多学生来说，它远远超出了他们的时间和以前的课程。即使对于不那么高级的哺乳动物课程，当然被认为是重要的，教师也会发现这本全面的工作很有帮助。在引言（第一章）的“分类”中，我们可以欣赏到乔治·盖洛德·辛普森（1945）关于将所有事物纳入正式安排的引用。辛普森进一步说，现代分类学包括了其他科学，对系统发育的研究将把哺乳动物分类学扩展几个世纪。对他和我们来说，分类学（或我们的作者所说的“系统学”）变成了哺乳学。这篇文章向学生介绍了强大的，现代的种类。作者在书的早期介绍了“突触形态”和“外群”这两个术语，它们都是构建系统发育树状图的有力的现代方法的一部分。这对一般生物学和野生动物管理专业的野外学生来说是痛苦的开始。但是，应该引入诸如系统发育、同源性和类比等术语。类比和同源性并不局限于种间比较（例如，序列同源性是牙齿配方的基础）。文本有一个缺点，在几乎没有强调林奈系统，并没有命名Carolus林奈作为我们的分类法的起点。命名法从来没有定义；这样的技术文本应该提到它的基本规则：优先级、同义词、……
T. A. Vaughan, J. M. Ryan, N. J. Czaplewski. 2000. Mammalogy. 4th ed. Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth, Texas, 565 pp. ISBN 0-03-025034-X, price (hardcover), $86.50. This edition of a popular mammalogy textbook is attractive, the scientific illustrations are magnificent, and the print is readable with important words set in boldface type. Web sites listed at the end of each chapter suggest additional information. A mammalogy textbook is a treatise on one hand and a learning device for a student on the other. Years ago, this reviewer's class was mostly graduate students in vertebrate zoology, some had courses in paleontology, and all had comparative anatomy. In my teaching (63 semesters with 2–3 classes each), students were mostly undergraduates. I love this book, but for many students today it extends well beyond their available time and earlier coursework. Even for less-advanced mammalogy classes, certainly to be considered important, instructors will find this comprehensive work helpful. In “Classification,” within the Introduction (Chapter 1), one appreciates the quote from George Gaylord Simpson (1945) about putting all things into formal arrangement. Simpson continued further that modern taxonomy includes other sciences, and that studies on phylogeny will extend mammalian taxonomy a couple of centuries. To him, and to us, taxonomy (or what our authors call “systematics”) becomes mammalogy. This text introduces students to powerful, modern phyletics. The authors introduce early in the book terms as synapomorphies and outgroups, all part of the powerful, modern way of making phylogenetic dendrograms. This is painful initiation for field-oriented students of general biology and wildlife management. However, terms such as phylogeny, homology, and analogy ought to be introduced. Analogy and homology are not confined to interspecific comparisons (e.g., serial homology is the basis of the dental formula). The text has a drawback in hardly emphasizing the Linnaean system, and not naming Carolus Linnaeus as the starting point of our taxonomy. Nomenclature is never defined; such a technological text should mention its basic rules: priority, synonymy, …