The endocrine control of male phenotypic development.
The endocrine control of male phenotypic development.
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男性表型发育的内分泌控制。
DOI：
10.1071/bi9830101
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Leshin,M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilson,JD;Griffin,JE;George,FW;Leshin,M
在怀孕的最初阶段，男性和女性胚胎以相同的方式发育。如果冷漠的性腺分化成卵巢(或者如果没有性腺)，就形成了女性表型。然而，男性表型分化需要存在内分泌活跃的睾丸。胎儿睾丸的两种分泌物--苗勒氏抑制物质和睾酮--负责男性的发育。睾酮本身负责将沃尔夫管系统男性化，进入附睾管、输精管和精囊，而双氢睾酮则诱导前列腺和男性外生殖器的发育。因此，双氢睾酮形成的障碍导致一种特征表型，包括主要由女性外生殖器组成，但正常男性化的沃尔夫管。睾酮和双氢睾酮在胎儿发育过程中发挥作用的分子机制似乎涉及相同的高亲和力受体，这种蛋白将睾酮和双氢睾酮运输到靶细胞的细胞核。当这种受体缺失、缺陷或结构异常时，睾酮和双氢睾酮的作用都会受损，由此导致的发育异常涉及内外生殖器结构。
Male and female embryos develop in an identical fashion during the initial portion of gestation. If the indifferent gonad differentiates into an ovary (or if no gonad is present), a female phenotype is formed. Male phenotypic differentiation, however, requires the presence of an endocrinologically active testis. Two secretions of the foetal testis, Mullerian-inhibiting substance and testosterone, are responsible for male development. Testosterone itself is responsible for virilization ofthe Wolffian duct system into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicle, whereas dihydrotestosterone induces development of the prostate and male external genitalia. Thus, impairment of dihydrotestosterone formation results in a characteristic phenotype consisting of predominantly female external genitalia but normaIly virilized Wolffian ducts. The molecular mechanisms by which testosterone and dihydrotestosterone act during foetal development appear to involve the same high affinity receptor, a protein that transports both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone to the nucleus of target cells. When this receptor is either absent, deficient, or structurally abnormal, the actions of both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are impaired, and the resulting developmental anomalies involve both internal and external genital structures.