Identification of ergonomics interventions used to reduce musculoskeletal loading for building installation tasks.
Identification of ergonomics interventions used to reduce musculoskeletal loading for building installation tasks.
复制标题
确定用于减少建筑安装任务的肌肉骨骼负荷的人体工程学干预措施。
DOI：
10.1016/j.apergo.2004.07.005
复制
发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
L. MacDonald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Albers;C. Estill;L. MacDonald
机械和电气安装（M/EI）建筑和建筑行业的熟练工人患与工作有关的肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSDs）的致残率很高。M/EI行业涉及安装管道；供暖、通风和空调（HVAC），以及住宅、商业和工业建筑的电气系统。在美国缺乏人体工程学标准的情况下，一些建筑和建筑承包商，包括机电行业承包商，在自愿的基础上在其工地上实施了各种人体工程学干预措施。但是，没有数据可以确定正在执行的自愿控制措施的类型，需要制定或改进控制措施的特定任务危害，以及改善危害控制的已知障碍。作为获得这些数据的更大努力的一部分，国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）组织了一次利益相关者会议，以收集关于人机工程学干预或M/EI承包商和商人的“最佳实践”的信息。与会者包括39位行业代表、17位来自政府和学术界的建筑工效学研究人员，以及4位具有建筑行业经验的建筑工效学顾问。与会者将超过50%的时间花在了针对特定行业的小型分组会议上。据参与者介绍，三个行业的共同任务包括：(1)钻孔和射击紧固件；(2)放置和安装系统；(3)提升和搬运材料和设备。利益相关者会议中描述的工程干预措施包括工具、设备和工程建筑材料；行政控制主要由培训和教育计划以及工作和管理实践的修改组成。大多数嘉宾认为，个别承建商和工友在推动改善建造业的工效学方面，所能发挥的影响有限。
Skilled workers in the mechanical and electrical installation (M/EI) building and construction trades experience high rates of disabling work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The M/EI trades involve installing piping; heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), and electrical systems in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. In the absence of an ergonomics standard in the United States, some building and construction contractors, including M/EI sector contractors, have implemented various ergonomics interventions on their worksites on a voluntary basis. However, no data were available to determine the type of voluntary control measures being implemented, the task-specific hazards for which control measures needed to be developed or refined, and perceived barriers to improving hazard control. As part of a larger effort to obtain this data, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) organized a stakeholder meeting to gather information regarding ergonomics interventions or ‘best practices’ by M/EI contractors and tradespeople. The attendees included 39 industry representatives, 17 construction ergonomics researchers from government and academia, and four ergonomics consultants with experience in the construction industry. Participants spent more than 50% of time meeting in small trade-specific breakout sessions. According to the participants, tasks common to the three trades included (1) drill holes and shoot fasteners; (2) place and install systems, and (3) lift and carry materials and equipment. Engineering interventions described in the stakeholder meeting included tools, equipment, and engineered building materials; administrative controls largely consisted of training and education programs and modifications of work and management practice. Most participants believed that there were significant limits to the impact individual contractors and tradespeople could have in leading ergonomics improvement in the building and construction industry.