Japan as an engine of the Asian international economy, c. 1880–1936
Japan as an engine of the Asian international economy, c. 1880–1936
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日本作为亚洲国际经济的引擎，1880-1936 年
DOI：
10.1080/09555809008721383
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Sugihara Kaoru
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sugihara Kaoru
1880年至1936年期间，亚洲国际经济本质上仍处于世界经济的边缘，而世界经济则由技术更先进的西方国家主导。亚洲和西方之间至少有四个主要的经济联系。西方对亚洲初级产品的需求增长对于南亚和东南亚的出口经济至关重要，同样，主要来自美国对中国和日本蚕桑地区生丝的需求也至关重要。西方影响的另一个特点是向亚洲进口西方资本货物，用于铁路和航运线的发展，以及港口、城市和工厂的建设。与此相关的是，西方还通过输出资本为亚洲经济作出贡献，通常与交通网络的建设以及种植园和矿山的开发有关。最后，殖民政权通过税收和军事远征以及有限的支出来鼓励土著经济发展，与土著经济有直接联系。然而，这些直接接触本身并不足以在如此短的时间内将亚洲经济体转变为现代经济实体。亚洲经济的现代化力量也来自于西方的间接影响，通过与西方直接接触的各种联动效应。 1 利用当地原材料的优势发展食品加工业，是前向联动的一个明显例子。对农业机械和运输网络的需求是另一个联系，尽管这种后向联系由于对西方供应的依赖而很大程度上是“泄漏的”。还有最终需求联动效应，它来自于出口初级产品生产者的消费需求。 2 正是这种最终需求联动效应对亚洲国际经济发展发挥了关键作用。
In the period from 1880 to 1936 the Asian international economy remained essentially a periphery of the world economy, which was dominated by the technologically more advanced Western countries. There were at least four main economic links between Asia and the West. The growth of Western demand for Asian primary products was crucial for the export economies of South and South-East Asia, and so was the demand, mainly from the USA, for raw silk from the sericultural regions of China and Japan. Imports of Western capital goods to Asia, for the development of railways and shipping lines, and for the building of ports, cities and factories were another feature of the Western impact. In association with these, the West also contributed to the Asian economies by exporting capital, often in relation to the construction of transportation networks and the development of plantations and mines. Finally, colonial regimes had direct contact with the indigenous economies through taxation and military expeditions as well as limited spending to encourage indigenous economic development. However, these direct contacts were not in themselves strong enough to transform the Asian economies into modern economic entities in such a short space of time. The modernising forces of the Asian economies came also from the indirect Western influences, through various linkage effects of the direct contacts with the West. 1 The development of the food processing industry, taking advantage of access to local raw material, is an obvious example of the forward linkage. The demand for agricultural machinery and transportation networks is another linkage, although this backward linkage was largely'leaked', as a result of dependence on Western supply. There is also the final demand linkage effect, which comes from the consumer demand of producers of primary products for export. 2 It is this final demand linkage effect that played a key role in Asian international economic development.