The trouble with friendly faces: skilled performance with a supportive audience.
The trouble with friendly faces: skilled performance with a supportive audience.
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友好面孔的麻烦：在观众支持下的熟练表演。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.75.5.1213
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Baumeister,RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butler,JL;Baumeister,RF
在 3 个实验中，支持的观众与意外的表现下降（即在压力下“窒息”）有关。在一项困难的、基于技能的任务中，参与者在支持性观众观察时比在不支持性观众观察时更有可能失败。当成功的标准很简单时，支持的观众就没有效果。有了一个困难的标准，支持的观众引发了与糟糕表现相关的谨慎、保护性策略：速度下降，但准确性没有提高。尽管支持性观众造成了损害，但表演者发现支持性观众比中立或敌对观众更有帮助且压力更小，并且参与者（错误地）相信他们在支持性观众的陪伴下表现得更好。结果表明，人们没有意识到支持性观众的破坏性影响，可能会选择情感安慰而不是客观的成功。
In 3 experiments, supportive audiences were associated with unexpected performance decrements (ie,“choking” under pressure). On a difficult, skill-based task, participants were more likely to fail when observed by supportive audiences than when observed by nonsupportive audiences. When the criterion for success was easy, supportive audiences had no effect. With a difficult criterion, supportive audiences elicited cautious, protective strategies that were associated with poor performance: Speed decreased without improving accuracy. Despite impairments caused by supportive audiences, performers found supportive audiences more helpful and less stressful than neutral or adversarial audiences, and participants believed (wrongly) that they performed better with a supportive audience. Results suggest that people are not aware of debilitating effects of supportive audiences and may opt for emotional comfort rather than objective success.