The next generation of refrigerants - Historical review, considerations, and outlook
The next generation of refrigerants - Historical review, considerations, and outlook
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2008.01.013
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Calm, James M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calm, James M.
本文回顾了制冷剂的发展，从早期的使用到现在，然后讨论未来的方向和候选人。本文根据定义的选择标准将历史分为四代制冷剂。它讨论了早期工作流体的替代，连续的标准，以及对一些早期制冷剂的兴趣如何重新出现，例如对那些现在被确定为“天然制冷剂”的兴趣重新出现。“本文件审查了在现有国际协定的范围内，包括在分别避免平流层臭氧消耗和全球气候变化的《蒙特利尔议定书》和《京都议定书》的范围内，目前各种备选办法的前景。它还审查了其他环境问题以及进一步的国际和地方控制措施。讨论表明，孤立地关注个别环境问题或监管要求，而不是协调一致地应对几个问题，可能会导致意想不到的环境损害，几乎肯定会需要未来的逆转。它确定了可能对下一代制冷剂产生重大影响的政策和监管变化。(C)2008 Elsevier Ltd和IIR。All rights reserved.
This article reviews the progression of refrigerants, from early uses to the present, and then addresses future directions and candidates. The article breaks the history into four refrigerant generations based on defining selection criteria. It discusses displacement of earlier working fluids, with successive criteria, and how interest in some early refrigerants re-emerged, for example renewed interest in those now identified as "natural refrigerants." The paper examines the outlook for current options in the contexts of existing international agreements, including the Montreal and Kyoto Protocols to avert stratospheric ozone depletion and global climate change, respectively. It also examines other environmental concerns and further international and local control measures. The discussion illustrates how isolated attention to individual environmental issues or regulatory requirements, in contrast to coordinated responses to the several issues together, can result in unintended environmental harm that almost certainly will require future reversals. It identifies pending policy and regulatory changes that may impact the next generation of refrigerants significantly. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.