Air pollution co-benefits from strengthening electric transmission and distribution systems
Air pollution co-benefits from strengthening electric transmission and distribution systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.energy.2023.126735
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发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Lauren Janicke;D. Nock;Kavita Surana;S. Jordaan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lauren Janicke;D. Nock;Kavita Surana;S. Jordaan
供应商和客户之间的电力传输和分配(T&D)效率低下，可能会导致更高的补偿性发电量和意想不到的空气污染。利用生命周期评估和不确定性分析，我们估计了与国家和国家以下级别的总和非技术研发损失相关的补偿性空气污染物--CO2eq、SOx、NOx和PM2.5。我们的全球分析估计，10亿吨二氧化碳和130万吨NOx、160万公吨SOx和200万公吨PM2.5与每年总计的T&D损失有关。我们还发现，由于非技术研发损失，约有274万公吨二氧化碳当量、367千吨(Kt)NOx、486千吨SOx和10kt PM2.5被排放。我们在美国的国家以下地区的分析表明，不同监管管辖区的排放节省量存在差异。我们提出了减少二氧化碳当量的初步部署成本分析，将部署智能电表(即减少非技术研发损失)与扩大可再生能源发电进行了比较。在一个完全脱碳的系统中，对T&D基础设施的投资是有益的，因为T&D电网的改进可以使对可再生能源的投资更具成本效益。
Inefficiencies in the transmission and distribution (T&D) of electricity between suppliers and customers can lead to higher compensatory electricity generation and unanticipated air pollution. Using both life cycle assessments and uncertainty analyses, we estimate the compensatory air pollutants – CO2eq, SOx, NOx, and PM2.5– associated with aggregate and non-technical T&D losses at national and subnational scales. Our global analysis estimates that 1 Gigatonne of CO2eqand 1.3 Megatonnes (Mt) NOx, 1.6 Mt SOx, and 2 Mt PM2.5are associated with annual aggregate T&D losses. We also find that approximately 274 Mt CO2eq, 367 kilotonnes (kt) NOx, 486 kt SOx, and 535 kt PM2.5are emitted due to non-technical T&D losses. Our subnational analysis in the United States demonstrates the variation of emissions savings across regulatory jurisdictions. We present an initial deployment cost analysis for CO2eqreduction which compares deploying smart meters (i.e., reducing non-technical T&D losses) to renewable energy generation expansion. Investments in T&D infrastructure are beneficial in a completely decarbonized system because improvements in the T&D grid can make investments in renewable energy more cost-effective.