POLLINATION BAGS AFFECT WHEAT SPIKE TEMPERATURE
POLLINATION BAGS AFFECT WHEAT SPIKE TEMPERATURE
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DOI：
10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183x003200050019x
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发表时间：
1992-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
KONZAK, CF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BALL, ST;CAMPBELL, GS;KONZAK, CF
尽管育种者在杂交计划中常规使用授粉袋，但授粉袋材料和尺寸对小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 穗温的影响尚未确定。一些袋子材料可能会积聚热量，就像微型温室一样，使尖峰在炎热的天气里达到致命的温度。本研究的目的是评估授粉袋类型对小麦穗温的影响，并将能量预算中的温度估计值与测量值进行比较。在一项田间实验中，当透析管或白洋葱皮打字纸覆盖去势（模拟）小麦穗时，穗温度出现显着差异。在晴天中午，测得这些授粉袋类型之间的温差为 2 至 3.5 摄氏度。透析袋始终产生最高的峰值温度。对于袋装穗，最高穗温度比空气温度高 6 摄氏度。第二项田间实验测量了五种授粉袋之间穗部温度的较大差异。用玻璃纸袋测得的穗温度最高，用一袋白色洋葱皮打字纸包裹穗的温度最低。晴天中午，这些授粉袋之间的最大差异为 4 至 6 摄氏度，袋内最高峰值温度比气温高 8 摄氏度。当气温较高时，如此高的温度可能会对生理造成损害。使用能量预算模型对尖峰温度的估计与测量值相似。测量和建模结果均表明，当白色小直径授粉袋覆盖小麦穗时，穗温将达到最低。
Although breeders use pollination bags routinely in their crossing programs, the effect of pollination bag materials and sizes on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spike temperature has not been determined. Some bag materials may trap heat, like a miniature greenhouse, allowing spikes to reach lethal temperatures on hot days. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of pollination bag types on wheat spike temperature, and to compare temperature estimates from an energy budget with measured values. In one field experiment, notable differences were detected in spike temperatures when dialysis tubing or white onion skin typing paper covered the emasculated (simulated) wheat spikes. The measured temperature differences between these pollination bag types were 2 to 3.5-degrees-C at noon on clear days. The dialysis bag consistently produced the highest spike temperatures. Maximum spike temperatures were 6-degrees-C above air temperature for bagged spikes. A second field experiment measured larger differences in spike temperature among five types of pollination bags. Measured spike temperature was highest with a glassine bag and lowest with a bag of white onion skin typing paper wrapped around the spike. Maximum differences at noon on clear days between these pollination bags were 4 to 6-degrees-C, and maximum spike temperatures inside bags were 8-degrees-C above air temperature. Such high temperatures could by physiologically damaging when air temperatures are high. Estimates of spike temperature using an energy budget model were similar to measured values. Both measured and modeled results show that the lowest spike temperatures will occur when a white, small-diameter pollination bag covers the wheat spike.