Primate cognition: attention, episodic memory, prospective memory, self-control, and metacognition as examples of cognitive control in nonhuman primates
Primate cognition: attention, episodic memory, prospective memory, self-control, and metacognition as examples of cognitive control in nonhuman primates
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DOI：
10.1002/wcs.1397
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Washburn, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beran, Michael J.;Menzel, Charles R.;Washburn, David A.
灵长类认知是对认知过程的研究，它代表了涉及人类和其他灵长类物种的辨别、决定和行为的内部心理过程。认知控制包括执行和监管过程，这些过程分配注意力，操纵和评估可用的信息(必要时，还会寻找更多信息)，记住过去的经历来计划未来的行为，以及在分心和冲动对目标实现构成威胁时处理它们。与认知控制相关的研究领域包括执行注意、情景记忆、前瞻记忆、元认知和自我控制。执行注意力指的是控制一个人注意到什么感觉刺激以及如何调节对这些刺激的反应的能力，特别是在发生冲突的情况下。情节记忆指的是对亲身经历的自传性事件的记忆。前瞻记忆指的是未来预期行为的形成和实施，比如记住以后需要做的事情。元认知包括控制和监控过程，允许个体评估他们拥有什么信息和他们仍然需要什么信息，然后在必要时寻找信息。自我控制是一种监管过程，在这种过程中，个人放弃了更直接或更容易获得奖励的行为，而放弃了延迟或更难获得客观上更有价值的奖励。非人灵长类动物在接受评估这些能力的测试时所表现出的行为复杂性表明，人类认知控制能力在心理上是连续的。然而，需要更多的研究来澄清对这些行为的正确解释，即可能存在于这些行为背后的可能的认知结构。《网络科学》2016，7：294-316。DOI：10.1002/wcs.1397有关本文的更多资源，请访问。
Primate Cognition is the study of cognitive processes, which represent internal mental processes involved in discriminations, decisions, and behaviors of humans and other primate species. Cognitive control involves executive and regulatory processes that allocate attention, manipulate and evaluate available information (and, when necessary, seek additional information), remember past experiences to plan future behaviors, and deal with distraction and impulsivity when they are threats to goal achievement. Areas of research that relate to cognitive control as it is assessed across species include executive attention, episodic memory, prospective memory, metacognition, and self-control. Executive attention refers to the ability to control what sensory stimuli one attends to and how one regulates responses to those stimuli, especially in cases of conflict. Episodic memory refers to memory for personally experienced, autobiographical events. Prospective memory refers to the formation and implementation of future-intended actions, such as remembering what needs to be done later. Metacognition consists of control and monitoring processes that allow individuals to assess what information they have and what information they still need, and then if necessary to seek information. Self-control is a regulatory process whereby individuals forego more immediate or easier to obtain rewards for more delayed or harder to obtain rewards that are objectively more valuable. The behavioral complexity shown by nonhuman primates when given tests to assess these capacities indicates psychological continuities with human cognitive control capacities. However, more research is needed to clarify the proper interpretation of these behaviors with regard to possible cognitive constructs that may underlie such behaviors. WIREs Cogn Sci 2016, 7:294-316. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1397 For further resources related to this article, please visit the .