Snow cover consistently affects growth and reproduction of Empetrum hermaphroditum across latitudinal and local climatic gradients
Snow cover consistently affects growth and reproduction of Empetrum hermaphroditum across latitudinal and local climatic gradients
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DOI：
10.1007/s00035-014-0137-8
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Eckstein, R. Lutz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bienau, Miriam J.;Hattermann, Dirk;Eckstein, R. Lutz
由于全球变暖，北极生态系统面临着雪况的强烈变化。与栖息地专家相比，在不同雪况下占据广泛微栖息地的物种可能更好地科普这种变化。我们研究了如何生长和繁殖的优势矮灌木Empetrum hermaphroditum三个不同的栖息地类型在冬季积雪深度和夏季光照，以及所观察到的模式是否一致沿着当地的气候梯度（亚大陆与亚海洋气候）和沿着纬度梯度（北方瑞典与挪威中部）。生境类型解释了大部分的生长和繁殖的变化。与雪深和光照较低的生境相比，雪深和光照较浅的生境下的新梢开花数和结果数较多，分株高度较低，枝节较短，侧枝数和总生物量较低，但叶密度和相对叶分配较高。此外，生物量，叶分配和叶寿命的强烈影响，纬度，而当地气候有很强的影响种子数量和种子质量。Empetrum表现出较高的表型性状变异，与当地的生境条件和它的生长和繁殖的一致匹配。虽然研究地区的纬度和当地的气候条件有很大的不同，生长和繁殖的反应模式与不同的环境条件的栖息地是一致的。大弹性的性状表明，Empetrum可能有潜力科普不断变化的雪条件预计在气候变化的过程中。
Arctic ecosystems face strong changes in snow conditions due to global warming. In contrast to habitat specialists, species occupying a wide range of microhabitats under different snow conditions may better cope with such changes. We studied how growth and reproduction of the dominant dwarf shrub Empetrum hermaphroditum varied among three habitat types differing in winter snow depth and summer irradiation, and whether the observed patterns were consistent along a local climatic gradient (sub-continental vs. sub-oceanic climates) and along a latitudinal gradient (northern Sweden vs. central Norway). Habitat type explained most of the variation in growth and reproduction. Shoots from shallow snow cover and high summer irradiation habitats had higher numbers of flowers and fruits, lower ramet heights, shorter shoot segments, lower numbers of lateral shoots and total biomass but higher leaf density and higher relative leaf allocation than shoots from habitats with higher snow depth and lower summer irradiation. In addition, biomass, leaf allocation and leaf life expectancy were strongly affected by latitude, whereas local climate had strong effects on seed number and seed mass. Empetrum showed high phenotypic trait variation, with a consistent match between local habitat conditions and its growth and reproduction. Although study areas varied strongly with respect to latitude and local climatic conditions, response patterns of growth and reproduction to habitats with different environmental conditions were consistent. Large elasticity of traits suggests that Empetrum may have the potential to cope with changing snow conditions expected in the course of climate change.