Sustainability Comparison between EnDev and not-EnDev Micro-Hydro Power (MHP) in Indonesia : Analysis of the long-term technical, social, environmental and economic sustainability of the rural energy infrastructure of MHP in Indonesia
Sustainability Comparison between EnDev and not-EnDev Micro-Hydro Power (MHP) in Indonesia : Analysis of the long-term technical, social, environmental and economic sustainability of the rural energy infrastructure of MHP in Indonesia
复制标题
印度尼西亚 EnDev 和非 EnDev 微水电 (MHP) 的可持续性比较：印度尼西亚 MHP 农村能源基础设施的长期技术、社会、环境和经济可持续性分析
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
A. Ranzanici
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作者：
A. Ranzanici
德国国际合作署作为执行机构的“能源发展”（EnDev）倡议促进向非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲24个国家农村社区的家庭和小型企业提供现代能源技术。这是通过离网微水电（MHP）实现的。自2006年以来，230 MHP和117个太阳能项目得到了不同程度的支持，这项研究的目的是评估EnDev的这一贡献，印度尼西亚关于MHP绩效和该国农村能源基础设施最终长期可持续性前景的倡议。根据既定的关键绩效指标（KPI）调查方法和专门为本研究目的而设计的DB&TO可持续性模型，对该国EnDev和非EnDev MHP项目之间的差异进行了分析。该方法涉及现场访问，包括技术、社会、经济和环境方面。因此，分析显示了不同支持方案之间的重要差异，第二个实施阶段（2009 - 2012）的EnDev排名高于其他系统，主要是由于这些网站实现了高水平的技术可持续性。考虑到早期在该计划第一阶段实施的EnDev 1网站是本研究中调查的最不可持续的网站之一，这样的良好表现更令人惊讶。然而，尽管在土木工程和机电设备质量方面达到如此高的可持续性水平需要高昂的成本，但仅这一方面还不足以保证印度尼西亚MHP的长期可持续性。另一方面，缺乏社会和经济的可持续性似乎对许多工厂的运作产生了致命的后果。因此，对可持续性的不同方面之间的复杂相互关系进行了调查，并讨论了外部因素，如不同受益者之间的区域和文化差异。最后，对未来最终的行动方针提出了建议。
The Energising Development (EnDev) initiative, for which the GIZ acts as implementing agency, promotes the supply of modern energy technologies to households and small‐scale businesses in the rural communities of 24 countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia.In Indonesia, this has been achieved through off‐grid micro‐hydro (MHP) and solar power mini‐grids and since 2006 230 MHP and 117 solar projects have been supported to varying degree at substantial cost, reaching more than 167 thousand people.The objective of this study is to assess this contribution of the EnDev-Indonesia initiative regarding the MHP performance and ultimate long‐term sustainability prospect of the rural energy infrastructure in the country.As such a comparison between EnDev and non-EnDev MHP projects in the country was undertaken and based on the established Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) survey methodology and the DB&TO sustainability model specifically fashioned for the purpose of this study.This approach involved on‐site visits and comprises technical, social, economic and environmental aspects.As a result, the analysis has shown important differences among the different supporting schemes, with the second implementing phase (2009‐2012) of EnDev outranking the other systems largely due to the high level of technical sustainability achieved by these sites.Such a good performance is even more surprising considering that the EnDev1 sites implemented during the first phase of the program in the early years were among the least‐sustainable investigated in this study.However, despite the high costs necessary to reach such a high level of sustainability as regards the quality of the civil works and electro‐mechanical equipments, this aspect alone was found not enough to guarantee the long‐term sustainability of MHP in Indonesia. On the other hand, lack of social and economic sustainability appeared having fatal consequences onthe operations of many plants.Therefore, such complex interrelation among the different aspects of sustainability was investigated and also external factors, like the regional and cultural differences among the different beneficiaries, were addressed.Finally, recommendations for future eventual courses of action were proposed.