The long-term effectiveness of different regimens of occlusion on recovery from early monocular deprivation in kittens.
The long-term effectiveness of different regimens of occlusion on recovery from early monocular deprivation in kittens.
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不同咬合方案对小猫早期单眼剥夺恢复的长期有效性。
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1991.0060
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Mitchell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Mitchell
虽然对小猫施加单眼剥夺的早期行为影响可能非常严重，类似于人类临床条件剥夺性弱视的极端形式，但它们不一定是不可逆的。如果正常视觉输入足够早地恢复到被剥夺的眼睛，特别是如果另一只（最初未被剥夺的）眼睛同时被遮挡（反向遮挡），则可以发生相当大的行为以及生理恢复。然而，过去的工作表明，在许多情况下，在反向遮挡期间发生的最初被剥夺的眼睛的视力的改善在随后引入双目视觉输入之后不被保留。此外，另一只眼睛的视力通常也会降低，最终结果是双侧弱视。本研究首先探讨了几个时期的反向闭塞的发病和持续时间将被认为是最大限度地提高了良好的和长期的恢复视力的机会，在最初被剥夺的眼睛的后果。然而，只有在非常有限的暴露条件下，动物的一只或两只眼睛才能获得良好的视力;在大多数情况下，最终结果是双侧弱视。第二组实验研究了部分时间反向遮挡的各种方案的后果，其中最初未剥夺的眼睛每天只被遮挡一部分时间，以允许一段时间的双眼视觉暴露，对小猫已经被剥夺单眼，直到6，8，10或12周龄。然而，最初非剥夺眼的短或长的每日遮挡时间最终导致单眼或通常双眼的弱视，某些中间遮挡时间（每天3.5或5小时）导致单眼剥夺至6、8或10周龄的动物双眼恢复正常视力、对比敏感度和游标视力，但在长时间被剥夺的动物中则不然。进行实验以确定与某些部分时间反向闭塞方案相关的成功结果的一些因素。已经确定，在双眼视觉暴露的日常期间，通过棱镜使视轴垂直错位的动物的恢复同样良好，从而表明对两只眼睛的视觉输入不需要一致。然而，每天接受两只眼睛同等视觉暴露的动物，但连续而不是同时，都发展成非常严重的双侧弱视。（400字处截断摘要）
Although the behavioural effects of an early period of monocular deprivation imposed on kittens can be very severe, resembling an extreme form of the human clinical condition deprivation amblyopia, they are not necessarily irreversible. Considerable behavioural as well as physiological recovery can occur if normal visual input is restored to the deprived eye sufficiently early, particularly if the other (initially non-deprived) eye is occluded at the same time (reverse occlusion). However, past work has shown that in many situations the improvement in the vision of the initially deprived eye that occurs during reverse occlusion is not retained following the subsequent introduction of binocular visual input. Furthermore, the vision of the other eye is often reduced as well, with the result that the eventual outcome is a condition of bilateral amblyopia. This study first examines the consequences of several periods of reverse occlusion whose onset and duration would be thought to maximize the opportunity for good and long-standing recovery of vision in the initially deprived eye. However, only in a very restricted set of exposure conditions did animals acquire good vision in one or both eyes; in most situations the final outcome was one of bilateral amblyopia. A second set of experiments examined the consequences of various regimens of part-time reverse occlusion, where the initially non-deprived eye was occluded for only part of each day to allow a period of binocular visual exposure, on kittens that had been monocularly deprived until 6, 8, 10 or 12 weeks of age. Whereas short or long daily periods of occlusion of the initially non-deprived eye resulted eventually in amblyopia in one, or usually both, eyes, certain intermediate occlusion times (3.5 or 5 h each day) resulted in recovery of normal acuities, contrast sensitivity and vernier acuity in both eyes, in animals that had been monocularly deprived until 6, 8 or 10 weeks of age, but not in animals deprived for longer periods. Experiments were done to establish some of the factors that contributed to the successful outcome associated with certain of the regimens of part-time reverse occlusion. It was established that recovery was just as good in animals in which the visual axes were vertically misaligned by means of prisms during the daily period of binocular visual exposure, thereby indicating that the visual input to the two eyes need not be concordant. However, animals that received equivalent visual exposure of the two eyes each day, but successively rather than simultaneously, all developed very severe bilateral amblyopia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)