The context of REDD+ in Tanzania: Drivers, agents and institutions
The context of REDD+ in Tanzania: Drivers, agents and institutions
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坦桑尼亚 REDD 的背景：推动者、代理人和机构
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Brockhaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Kweka;Rachel Carmenta;M. Hyle;I. Mustalahti;T. Dokken;M. Brockhaus
自2009年以来，国际研究中心已在14个国家实施了REDD+全球比较研究的政策部分：玻利维亚、巴西、布基纳法索、喀麦隆、刚果民主共和国、埃塞俄比亚、印度尼西亚、老挝、莫桑比克、尼泊尔、巴布亚新几内亚、秘鲁、坦桑尼亚和越南。在分析国家REDD+政策领域和新兴战略时，研究人员为每个国家制定了五个工作领域。其中包括国家概况、媒体分析、政策网络分析、战略评估和将由新出现的研究结果确定的具体政策研究的第五个领域。坦桑尼亚的国家概况概述了REDD+政策和进程产生的社会经济和政治背景。它探讨了坦桑尼亚国家一级的REDD+政策流程和战略，确定了国家REDD+领域的障碍、限制和机会，通过为实现高效、有效和公平的REDD+（即REDD+的3e）提供基于研究的选择，为未来的REDD+设计提供信息。毁林和森林退化的直接和间接驱动因素都在起作用，包括森林向小规模农业的转变、国内和国际市场需求驱动的木材采伐、薪材和木炭以及人口增长。REDD+的前景取决于改善一系列问题：权属安排、森林治理、长期资金的可靠性、利益分享机制以及技术、人力和财政能力。我们建议继续支持分散的可持续森林管理，并利用参与式森林管理模式作为REDD+倡议的切入点。需要采取参与性土地使用规划做法，同时改进空间规划，并加强打击助长森林退化的非法活动的机制。此外，REDD+要想取得成功，就需要挑战和克服投入并推动“一切照旧”模式的强大参与者。
Since 2009, CIFOR has implemented the policy component of the Global Comparative Study of REDD+ in fourteen countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Laos, Mozambique, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Tanzania and Vietnam. In analyzing national REDD+ policy arenas and emerging strategies, researchers have developed five areas of work for each country. These include a country profile, media analysis, policy network analysis, strategy assessment and a fifth area of specific policy studies to be determined by emerging research results.This country profile for Tanzania provides an overview on the socioeconomic and political context within which REDD+ policies and processes emerge. It explores the Tanzanian REDD+ policy processes and strategies at the national level, identifying barriers, limits and opportunities in national REDD+ arenas to inform future REDD+ design by providing research-based options for achieving efficient, effective and equitable REDD+ (i.e. the 3Es of REDD+). Both direct and indirect drivers of deforestation and forest degradation are at work, including forest conversion to small-scale agriculture, timber extraction driven by demand from national and international markets, fuelwood and charcoal, and population growth. The prospects for REDD+ rest on improving a number of issues: tenure arrangements, forest governance, reliability of long-term funding, benefit-sharing mechanisms, and technical, human and financial capacity. We recommend the continuation of support towards decentralized sustainable forest management and utilization of the participatory forest management model as an entry point for REDD+ initiatives. Participatory land-use planning practices coupled with improved spatial planning and strengthening mechanisms against illegal activities entrenched in driving forest degradation are needed. In addition, for REDD+ to succeed it will need to challenge and overcome the powerful actors invested in and driving the business-as-usual model.