Could mitochondrial efficiency explain the susceptibility to adiposity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in South Asian populations?
Could mitochondrial efficiency explain the susceptibility to adiposity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in South Asian populations?
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DOI：
10.1093/ije/dyp202
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发表时间：
2009-08-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Rafnsson, Snorri B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bhopal, Raj S.;Rafnsson, Snorri B.
方法对作者已知的个人研究和综述文章中的数据进行分析。还进行了Medline书目数据库搜索。审查了参考清单，以确定其他相关数据来源。结果我们提出并评价了“线粒体效率假说”的证据，即祖先线粒体偶联效率的变化通过最大限度地将能量转化为三磷酸腺苷(ATP)而不是热量，增强了南亚人对环境应激源的成功适应。当南亚人身体不活跃并食用高卡路里饮食时，这种适应可能是不利的。有证据表明，常见的线粒体突变在地理上各不相同。突变，包括那些影响线粒体解偶联蛋白(UCP)功能的突变，可能会影响能量和热量产生的平衡。这些可能会影响基础代谢率(BMR)、能量效率、体重增加的趋势，从而导致代谢性疾病。UCP基因多态性与非裔美国人和欧洲人的BMR差异有关。南亚人缺乏类似的数据，但少数几项比较BMR的研究表明，南亚人的BMR较低，这是由较低的瘦体重和较高的脂肪质量解释的。一旦根据身体成分进行调整，BMR是相似的。高脂肪量本身就是一种在减少能量消耗的同时保持体型的策略。美国印第安人的氧化磷酸化能力高于北欧美洲人。结论这些证据充分证明了南亚人对线粒体效率假说的充分探索，该假说可能也适用于其他适应温暖气候的人群。
Methods Data from individual studies and review articles known to the authors were examined. A Medline bibliographic database search was also performed. Reference lists were reviewed to identify additional relevant data sources. Key references were examined by both authors.Results We propose, and evaluate, the evidence for a 'mitochondrial efficiency hypothesis' i.e. that ancestral changes in mitochondrial coupling efficiency enhanced the successful adaptation of South Asians to environmental stressors by maximizing the conversion of energy to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) rather than heat. This adaptation may be disadvantageous when South Asians are physically inactive and consume high-caloric diets. There is evidence that common mitochondrial mutations vary geographically. Mutations, including those affecting the function of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs), may influence the balance of energy and heat production. These may influence basal metabolic rate (BMR), energy efficiency, the tendency to gain weight and hence metabolic disease. UCP gene polymorphisms are related to differences in BMR between African-Americans and Europeans. Similar data for South Asians are lacking but the few studies comparing BMR indicate that South Asians have a lower BMR, which is explained by a lower lean body mass, and higher fat mass. Once adjusted for body composition, BMR is similar. A high fat mass, per se, is a strategy for reducing energy use while conserving body size. Indians in the USA had higher oxidative phosphorylation capacity than Northern European Americans.Conclusion The evidence justifies full exploration of this mitochondrial effeciency hypothesis in South Asians, which may also be relevant to other warm-climate adapted populations.