Longitudinal effects of working memory on L2 grammar and reading abilities
Longitudinal effects of working memory on L2 grammar and reading abilities
复制标题
工作记忆对二语语法和阅读能力的纵向影响
DOI：
10.1177/0267658317690577
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Nuria Sagarra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nuria Sagarra
成人在发展第二语言（L2）语法知识和阅读技能时表现出困难和明显的可变性。我们研究工作记忆（WM）的个体差异方面的解释。尽管有大量的研究，工作记忆和成人第二语言（L2）习得之间的联系仍然不清楚，纵向研究是稀缺的和矛盾的。本研究采用工作记忆测试（沃茨和卡普兰1996年的测试）和非工作记忆测试（Daneman和Carpenter 1980年的测试），考察了工作记忆是否会影响初学者的二语语法和阅读发展。在实验1中，82开始第一语言（L1）英语学习者的西班牙语完成Daneman和卡彭特的测试，语法和阅读前测和后测一年分开。在实验2中，330开始英语学习者的西班牙语完成了相同的测试，在实验1和沃茨和卡普兰的测试。结果表明，只有沃茨卡普兰的测试（反应时间，回忆广度）产生WM效应，反应时间（加工）与回忆广度（存储）呈负相关。这些发现揭示了工作记忆在习得早期对二语语法和阅读发展的纵向影响，支持了资源共享工作记忆模式，并促使学者采用工作记忆测试，在时间条件下完成加工任务，并分析反应时。
Adults demonstrate difficulty and pronounced variability when developing second language (L2) grammatical knowledge and reading skills. We examine explanations in terms of individual differences in working memory (WM). Despite numerous studies, the association between WM and adult second language (L2) acquisition remains unclear, and longitudinal studies are scarce and contradictory. This study investigates whether WM affects L2 grammar and reading development in beginning classroom learners, using WM tests with (Waters and Caplan’s 1996 test) and without (Daneman and Carpenter’s 1980 test) a demanding processing task. In Experiment 1, 82 beginning first language (L1) English learners of Spanish completed Daneman and Carpenter’s test, and grammar and reading pretests and posttests one year apart. In Experiment 2, 330 beginning English learners of Spanish completed the same tests as in Experiment 1 and Waters and Caplan’s test. The results reveal that only Waters Caplan’s test (response time, recall span) yielded WM effects, and that response time (processing) negatively correlated with recall span (storage). These findings reveal longitudinal WM effects on L2 grammar and reading development at early acquisition stages, support resource-sharing WM models, and urge scholars to adopt WM tests with a processing task performed under timed conditions, and to analyse response time.
DOI：
10.1037//0096-3445.127.2.141
发表时间：
1998-06
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. General
影响因子：
--
作者：
Nelson Cowan;Noelle L. Wood;Phillip K. Wood;Timothy A. Keller;Lara Nugent;Connie V. Keller
通讯作者：
Nelson Cowan;Noelle L. Wood;Phillip K. Wood;Timothy A. Keller;Lara Nugent;Connie V. Keller
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Just;P. Carpenter
通讯作者：
M. Just;P. Carpenter