Young children copy cumulative technological design in the absence of action information.
Young children copy cumulative technological design in the absence of action information.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/s41598-017-01715-2
复制
发表时间：
2017-05-11
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Tennie C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reindl E;Apperly IA;Beck SR;Tennie C
棘轮效应——文化产品中有益变化的积累超出了个人可以达到的水平——是一个越来越受关注的话题。目前争论哪种社会学习机制能够产生和传播累积文化。这项研究的重点是传播，调查 4 至 6 岁的儿童是否能够复制累积的技术设计，以及他们是否可以在没有动作信息（模拟）的情况下做到这一点。我们改编了意大利面塔任务，该任务以前用于测试成年人的文化积累。基线条件表明，所展示的塔设计超出了这个年龄段个别儿童的创新技能，因此对他们来说代表了一种文化依赖的产品。有 2 种演示条件：完整演示（行动加上（最终）结果）和最终状态演示（仅最终结果）。在这两种示范条件下，孩子们建造的塔都比基线条件下的塔更高。至关重要的是，在这两种演示条件下，一些孩子还模仿了演示的塔。我们提供了幼儿学习的第一个证据，其中一些人甚至复制了累积的技术设计，并且根据一些成人研究，行动信息并不总是传递文化依赖特征所必需的。
The ratchet effect – the accumulation of beneficial changes in cultural products beyond a level that individuals could reach on their own – is a topic of increasing interest. It is currently debated which social learning mechanisms allow for the generation and transmission of cumulative culture. This study focused on transmission, investigating whether 4- to 6-year-old children were able to copy cumulative technological design and whether they could do so without action information (emulation). We adapted the spaghetti tower task, previously used to test for accumulation of culture in human adults. A baseline condition established that the demonstrated tower design was beyond the innovation skills of individual children this age and so represented a culture-dependent product for them. There were 2 demonstration conditions: a full demonstration (actions plus (end-)results) and an endstate- demonstration (end-results only). Children in both demonstration conditions built taller towers than those in the baseline. Crucially, in both demonstration conditions some children also copied the demonstrated tower. We provide the first evidence that young children learn from, and that some of them even copy, cumulative technological design, and that – in line with some adult studies – action information is not always necessary to transmit culture-dependent traits.
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
McGraw JJ;Wallot S;Mitkidis P;Roepstorff A
通讯作者：
Roepstorff A