REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF SHRUBSTEPPE PASSERINE BIRDS: GEOGRAPHICAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION IN CLUTCH SIZE, BROOD SIZE, AND FLEDGING SUCCESS'
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF SHRUBSTEPPE PASSERINE BIRDS: GEOGRAPHICAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION IN CLUTCH SIZE, BROOD SIZE, AND FLEDGING SUCCESS'
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灌丛雀鸟的繁殖生物学：产窝量、巢量和雏鸟成功率的地理和时间变化
DOI：
10.2307/1368142
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Wiens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Rotenberry;J. Wiens
我们调查了地理和时间变化的窝卵数，育雏大小，并在北美西部的北方大盆地的灌木草原栖息地在三个常见的雀形目鸟类的成功羽翼未丰。在2年的时间里，我们调查了三个植被相似的网站跨越纬度梯度为650公里（地理成分），其中一个，我们连续五年采样（时间成分）。离合器大小的圣人（Amphispiza belli）和布鲁尔的（Spizella breweri）麻雀没有显着不同的网站，但育雏大小和（布鲁尔的麻雀）羽翼未丰的成功。这些地理差异与巢捕食率的特定地点的变化，并归因于蛇的丰度的差异。俄勒冈州中部一个没有蛇的地点的鸟巢在2年地理采样期间几乎没有遭受捕食，而华盛顿东南部和北方内华达州的鸟巢遭受的捕食率明显更高（分别为40%和93%）。在为期5年的时间采样在中央俄勒冈州网站，所有测量的繁殖参数的鼠尾草和布鲁尔的麻雀和在鼠尾草画眉（Oreoscoptes montanus）的窝卵数变化显着。虽然该地区经历了极端的降水在此期间，在鼠尾草麻雀只有育雏大小显着相关的降雨量在前一个冬天。鼠尾草麻雀最终繁殖成功的主要变异来源是捕食，在1979年汤森地松鼠（Spermophilus townsendi）爆发期间达到顶峰。这次地松鼠的入侵似乎是由一个干旱年和两个相对潮湿年的模式引发的，从1976年至1977年的冬天开始。虽然布鲁尔的麻雀也经历了相当大的捕食压力，在1979年，离合器的大小，育雏大小，和羽翼丰满的成功显着相关的冬季降水。没有组成部分的鼠尾草画眉繁殖与气候变化。干旱地区鸟类繁殖成功和降水之间的关系比传统的沙漠鸟类直接响应增加初级和次级生产力的观点更为复杂;这种关系间接受到降雨对捕食者种群的影响，并进一步复杂化捕食者响应的时间滞后（长达2年）。
We investigated geographical and temporal variation in clutch size, brood size, and fledging success in three common passerine species in shrubsteppe habitats of the northern Great Basin of western North America. Over a 2-year period we surveyed three vegetationally similar sites spanning a latitudinal gradient of 650 km (the geographical component), one of which we sampled for five consecutive years (the temporal component). Clutch sizes of Sage (Amphispiza belli) and Brewer's (Spizella breweri) sparrows did not differ significantly among sites, but brood sizes and (for Brewer's Sparrow) fledging success did. These geographical differences were associated with site-specific variation in nest-pre- dation rates and were attributed to differences in the abundances of snakes. Nests at a site in central Oregon that lacked snakes suffered virtually no predation during the 2-year geo- graphical sampling, whereas nests in southeastern Washington and northern Nevada suffered significantly higher rates (40% and 93%, respectively). During the 5-year temporal sampling at the central Oregon site, all measured reproductive parameters of Sage and Brewer's sparrows and clutch size in Sage Thrashers (Oreoscoptes montanus) varied significantly. Although the region experienced extremes of precipitation during this period, in Sage Sparrows only brood size was significantly correlated with rainfall during the previous winter. The principal source of variation in Sage Sparrow final repro- ductive success was predation, which peaked during an outbreak of Townsend's ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendi) in 1979. This ground squirrel irruption appeared to be triggered by a pattern of a drought year followed by two relatively wet years, beginning in winter 1976-1977. Although Brewer's Sparrows also experienced considerable predation pressure in 1979, clutch size, brood size, and fledging success were significantly correlated with winter precipitation. No component of Sage Thrasher reproduction was associated with climatic variation. The relationship between avian reproductive success and precipitation in arid regions is more complex than the traditional view of desert birds responding directly to increased primary and secondary productivity; such relationships are indirectly influenced by the effects of rainfall on predator populations, and are further complicated by time lags (up to 2 years) in predator response.
理论物理进展第 79 卷（1988）
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