European colonization and the emergence of novel fire regimes in southeast Australia
European colonization and the emergence of novel fire regimes in southeast Australia
复制标题
欧洲殖民和澳大利亚东南部新型火灾机制的出现
DOI：
10.1177/20530196211044630
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Josephine R. Brown
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Adeleye;S. Connor;S. Haberle;A. Herbert;Josephine R. Brown
世界许多地区的严重野火迅速增加，特别是在温带系统，迫切需要关注减少火灾对人类生活、生计、健康和经济的灾难性影响。尤其令人担忧的是澳大利亚东南部，那里拥有地球上最易燃的植被类型之一。虽然之前的研究表明，气候和欧洲活动在过去200 年里推动了澳大利亚东南部火灾制度的变化，但还没有研究定量测试这些驱动因素的相对作用。在这里，我们使用广义线性模型来确定在欧洲殖民期间和之前澳大利亚东南部大陆火灾制度变化的主要驱动因素(S)。我们使用了整个地区的多个木炭和花粉记录，并将火灾历史与气候和植被变化的记录进行了定量比较。结果显示，在殖民之前，即使在气候变化的情况下，在土著管理下的地貌中，燃烧的生物质水平也很低。由于殖民后植被/土地利用的变化和大约100 年后区域降水量的大幅下降，燃烧的生物量显着增加。我们的结论是，土著维持的开阔植被最大限度地减少了殖民前的生物量燃烧，而欧洲对土著土地管理的抑制扩大了殖民以来澳大利亚东南部森林的生物量积累和燃料连接。虽然气候变化仍然是减轻火灾的一项重大挑战，但建议采取类似于殖民前时期的管理办法，以减少该区域今后发生灾难性火灾的风险。
The rapid increase in severe wildfires in many parts of the world, especially in temperate systems, requires urgent attention to reduce fires’ catastrophic impacts on human lives, livelihoods, health and economy. Of particular concern is southeast Australia, which harbours one of the most flammable vegetation types on Earth. While previous studies suggest climate and European activities drove changes in southeast Australian fire regimes in the last 200 years, no study has quantitatively tested the relative roles of these drivers. Here, we use a Generalized Linear Modelling to identify the major driver(s) of fire regime change in the southeast Australian mainland during and prior to European colonization. We use multiple charcoal and pollen records across the region and quantitatively compare fire history to records of climate and vegetation change. Results show low levels of biomass burned before colonization, when landscapes where under Indigenous management, even under variable climates. Biomass burned increased markedly due to vegetation/land-use change after colonization and a major decline in regional precipitation about 100 years later. We conclude that Indigenous-maintained open vegetation minimized the amount of biomass burned prior to colonization, while European-suppression of Indigenous land management has amplified biomass accumulation and fuel connectivity in southeast Australian forests since colonization. While climate change remains a major challenge for fire mitigation, implementation of a management approach similar to the pre-colonial period is suggested to ameliorate the risk of future catastrophic fires in the region.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Abram, Nerilie J.;Wright, Nicky M.;Heslop, David
通讯作者：
Heslop, David
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
A. Herbert;S. Harrison
通讯作者：
A. Herbert;S. Harrison