Transcriptional gene silencing through epigenetic changes mediated by non-coding RNAs.
Transcriptional gene silencing through epigenetic changes mediated by non-coding RNAs.
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发表时间：
2010-04
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通讯作者：
Barbora Malecova;K. Morris
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作者：
Barbora Malecova;K. Morris
由非编码RNA（ncRNA）引导的染色质重塑在机制上有助于染色质结构的建立和表观遗传记忆的维持。各种ncRNA已被鉴定为染色质结构和基因表达的调节因子。反义转录在真核生物中的广泛存在强调了天然反义转录物对基因调控的普遍性。最近，反义ncRNA已被牵连在沉默的肿瘤抑制基因通过表观遗传重塑事件。参与致癌状态的发展或维持的反义RNA的表征可能将ncRNA定义为癌症出现的早期生物标志物，并且可能对疾病诊断和治疗工具的开发产生重大影响。在这篇综述中，目前的知识ncRNA介导的转录基因沉默在人类的机制进行了讨论，并强调了siRNAs和长反义ncRNA介导的沉默染色质状态的建立之间的相似之处。
Chromatin remodeling guided by non-coding RNA (ncRNA) contributes mechanistically to the establishment of chromatin structure and to the maintenance of epigenetic memory. Various ncRNAs have been identified as regulators of chromatin structure and gene expression. The widespread occurrence of antisense transcription in eukaryotes emphasizes the prevalence of gene regulation by natural antisense transcripts. Recently, antisense ncRNAs have been implicated in the silencing of tumor suppressor genes through epigenetic remodeling events. Characterization of the antisense RNAs involved in the development or maintenance of oncogenic states may define ncRNAs as early biomarkers for the emergence of cancer, and could have a significant impact on the development of tools for disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, current knowledge on the mechanisms of ncRNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing in humans is discussed, and parallels between the establishment of a silent chromatin state mediated by siRNAs and long antisense ncRNAs are highlighted.