Cell signaling stabilizes morphogenesis against noise
Cell signaling stabilizes morphogenesis against noise
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DOI：
10.1242/dev.179309
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Salazar-Ciudad, Isaac
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hagolani, Pascal F.;Zimm, Roland;Salazar-Ciudad, Isaac
胚胎发育涉及基因网络、细胞外信号、细胞行为（细胞分裂、粘附等）和机械的相互作用。这些应该如何协调，以导致复杂和强大的形态？为了探索这个问题，我们将基因和细胞行为随机连接到EmbryoMaker中的大量网络中。EmbryoMaker是一个动物发育的计算模型，它模拟了细胞的3D位置，即形态，如何随着时间的推移而变化。我们发现，任何基因网络都可以导致复杂的形态，如果这激活了胚胎大区域的细胞行为。然而，重要的是，为了使这种复杂的形态对噪音具有鲁棒性，基因网络应该包括将胚胎划分为细胞行为受到不同调节的小区域的细胞信号传导。相反，如果细胞行为在大区域内受到同等调节，则会出现复杂但不稳定的形态。我们解释了区室化如何增强鲁棒性，以及为什么它是动物发育的一般特征。我们的研究结果是一致的理论提出，鲁棒性进化的共同选择的基因网络和细胞外信号在早期动物进化。
Embryonic development involves gene networks, extracellular signaling, cell behaviors (cell division, adhesion, etc.) and mechanical interactions. How should these be coordinated to lead to complex and robust morphologies? To explore this question, we randomly wired genes and cell behaviors into a huge number of networks in EmbryoMaker. EmbryoMaker is a computational model of animal development that simulates how the 3D positions of cells, i.e. morphology, change over time due to such networks. We found that any gene network can lead to complex morphologies if this activates cell behaviors over large regions of the embryo. Importantly, however, for such complex morphologies to be robust to noise, gene networks should include cell signaling that compartmentalizes the embryo into small regions where cell behaviors are regulated differently. If, instead, cell behaviors are equally regulated over large regions, complex but non-robust morphologies arise. We explain how compartmentalization enhances robustness and why it is a general feature of animal development. Our results are consistent with theories proposing that robustness evolved by the co-option of gene networks and extracellular cell signaling in early animal evolution.