Generalized negatively reinforced manding in children with autism.
Generalized negatively reinforced manding in children with autism.
复制标题
自闭症儿童的广义负强化要求。
DOI：
10.1007/bf03393024
复制
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lowenkron,Barry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yi,JanetI;Christian,Leeann;Vittimberga,Glenda;Lowenkron,Barry
发育障碍者往往不能以传统的方式(即发声语言)影响他们的社会环境，并经常表现出具有挑战性的行为(例如，攻击和自我伤害)，因为这些行为以前在类似的条件下得到了加强。虽然正向配筋区域已经有了很好的记录和经验验证，但在负向配筋领域的研究较少--特别是在非首选项目的负向配筋领域。这项研究使用了多基线设计，试图教三名自闭症儿童用更适合社会的方式来取代他们的挑战性行为，要求移除不受欢迎的物品。结果表明，所有参与者都能够学习到负面强化的MAND反应，这些MAND反应被推广到其他未经训练的项目。除了扩展这一领域的研究，这项研究还实证地定义了一种教学程序，用于对非首选项目进行消极强化的指导。此外，教授MAND反应导致所有参与者及其家人的生活质量得到改善。
Individuals with developmental disabilities are often unable to influence their social environment in traditional ways (i.e., vocal language) and frequently exhibit challenging behaviors (e.g., aggression and self-injury) because such behaviors were previously reinforced under similar conditions. While the area of positive reinforcement manding has been well-documented and empirically validated, there is less research in the area of negatively reinforced manding—particularly in the area of negatively reinforced manding of nonpreferred items. Using a multiple baseline design across participants, this study sought to teach three children with autism to replace their challenging behaviors with more socially appropriate ways to request the removal of nonpreferred items. Results showed that all participants were able to learn the negatively reinforced mand response and these mand responses were generalized to other untrained items. In addition to extending the research in the area, the study empirically defined a procedure for teaching negatively reinforced manding of nonpreferred items. Moreover, teaching the mand response resulted in quality of life improvements for all participants and their families.