Organization and operation of the marine ornamental fish and invertebrate export fishery in Puerto Rico.
Organization and operation of the marine ornamental fish and invertebrate export fishery in Puerto Rico.
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波多黎各海洋观赏鱼和无脊椎动物出口渔业的组织和经营。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Diana K. Ter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Richard S Legorel;M. Hardin;Diana K. Ter
利用公共记录，利益相关者的访谈，和业务现场访问，以描述渔业的波多黎各珊瑚礁咨询委员会作为第一步，制定政策，有效地管理这些自然资源的渔业检查。渔业规模不大，只有不到20名持牌渔民，主要在该岛的伦敦西区作业。只有三家运营商出口产品，其余渔民根据客户订单向出口商提供标本。大多数珊瑚礁物种的采集都发生在硬碎石区与残礁结构和岩石混合的地方，或者在活动珊瑚礁的侧面和正面。其他种类则采自红树林主根带、潮滩及海草床。使用简单的屏障和浸网收集鱼类和虾等能动的无脊椎动物。无脊椎动物，如螃蟹，海星和海参，通常是通过翻转小岩石，收集标本，然后将岩石放在原来的位置来收集的。标本被带到船上，并转移到个人杯架，以最大限度地提高生存。虽然注意到关于以前使用化学品协助捕获的陈述，但没有观察到目前使用化学品的证据。样本保存在岸上的再循环海水系统中，直到收集和运输。渔业努力在死亡率<1%的情况下运营，因为>3%的死亡率被描述为客户无法接受。该渔场共采集鱼类100余种，但前10种鱼类占总数量的70%以上，占渔业总价值的60%以上，其中仅有一种，即皇家鱼（Gramma洛雷托），占40%以上。超过100种无脊椎动物被收集，但这个渔业也是由少数物种，包括海葵，寄居蟹，涡轮蜗牛，蛇海星，和羽毛除尘器多毛类占主导地位。
This fishery was examined utilizing public records, stakeholder interviews, and operational site visits to describe the fishery for the Puerto Rico Coral Reef Advisory Committee as a first step toward development of policies for the effective management of these natural resources. The fishery is not large, including fewer than 20 licensed fishers operating primarily on the west end of the island. Only three operators export product, with the remaining fishers providing specimens to the exporters based upon customer orders. Most collection of coral reef species occurs over hard rubble zones mixed with relic reef structures and rock, or on the sides and frontal areas of active reefs. Other species are collected from among mangrove prop root zones, tidal flats, and seagrass beds. Collections are made using simple barrier and dip nets for fish and motile invertebrates such as shrimp. Invertebrates such as crabs, starfish, and sea cucumbers are commonly collected by overturning small rocks, gathering the specimens, and then replacing the rocks in their original positions. Specimens are carried to the boat and transferred to individual cup holders to maximize survival. Although statements concerning former use of chemicals to assist capture were noted, no evidence of current chemical use was observed. Specimens are held in re-circulating seawater systems onshore until collections are aggregated and shipped. The fishery strives to operate with mortality of<1%, as mortalities of>3% are described as unacceptable to customers. More than 100 fish species are collected in this fishery, but the top ten species account for >70% of the total numbers and >60% of the total value of the fishery, with a single species, Gramma loreto (Royal Gramma), comprising >40% of the numbers. More than 100 species of invertebrates are collected, but this fishery is also dominated by a handful of species, including anemones, hermit crabs, turbo snails, serpent starfish, and feather duster polychaetes.