Hydrogels That Allow and Facilitate Bone Repair, Remodeling, and Regeneration.
Hydrogels That Allow and Facilitate Bone Repair, Remodeling, and Regeneration.
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DOI：
10.1039/c5tb01043h
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发表时间：
2015-10-28
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Winter JO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Short AR;Koralla D;Deshmukh A;Wissel B;Stocker B;Calhoun M;Dean D;Winter JO
骨缺损可由多种原因引起，包括创伤、癌症、先天畸形和手术重建。当前“金标准”治疗的成功（即，自体骨移植物）受骨量不足或不适当的影响很大。因此，迫切需要开发用于骨修复的新的工程材料。本文综述了天然和合成水凝胶作为骨组织工程支架材料的应用。我们讨论了水凝胶作为骨修复材料的许多优点，包括它们的骨传导性、生物降解性、受控生长因子释放和细胞包封的潜力。我们还讨论了水凝胶在金属、陶瓷或聚合物复合材料装置中的应用。这些复合材料是有用的，因为水凝胶的低机械模量。最后，强调了热固性和光交联水凝胶作为三维（3D）打印的患者特定设备的潜力。三维打印能够控制支架材料、细胞和生长因子的空间分布。水凝胶，特别是存在于骨基质中的天然水凝胶，具有很大的潜力，以增强现有的骨组织工程装置用于治疗临界尺寸的骨缺损。
Bone defects can originate from a variety of causes, including trauma, cancer, congenital deformity, and surgical reconstruction. Success of the current “gold standard” treatment (i.e., autologous bone grafts) is greatly influenced by insufficient or inappropriate bone stock. There is thus a critical need for the development of new, engineered materials for bone repair. This review describes the use of natural and synthetic hydrogels as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. We discuss many of the advantages that hydrogels offer as bone repair materials, including their potential for osteoconductivity, biodegradability, controlled growth factor release, and cell encapsulation. We also discuss the use of hydrogels in composite devices with metals, ceramics, or polymers. These composites are useful because of the low mechanical moduli of hydrogels. Finally, the potential for thermosetting and photo-cross-linked hydrogels as three-dimensionally (3D) printed, patient-specific devices is highlighted. Three-dimensional printing enables controlled spatial distribution of scaffold materials, cells, and growth factors. Hydrogels, especially natural hydrogels present in bone matrix, have great potential to augment existing bone tissue engineering devices for the treatment of critical size bone defects.