The problem of causality in cultivation research
The problem of causality in cultivation research
复制标题
栽培研究中的因果关系问题
DOI：
10.1515/comm.2004.024
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Brosius
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Rossmann;H. Brosius
本文对在栽培研究中确定因果关系的问题进行了最新的回顾，并考虑了各种方法的研究原理，特别是因果解释。它依次介绍了解决问题并尽可能解决问题的若干方法。然而，因果推理的问题不仅出现在培养研究中，而且是所有媒介效应理论和方法的基础，主要是宏观层面的，其主要方法论依赖于相关研究(议程设置、沉默螺旋、知识差距假设等)。因此，我们首先讨论了与培养假说相关的因果解释问题，然后概述了这些问题是如何与其他媒介效果理论产生的。我们首先阐述了培养方法的基本特征，然后考虑了相关研究的困难，并讨论了替代研究设计--这些设计不是我们的原创设计，但已被适应于培养研究。这些包括实验室实验、顺序研究、社会研究和时间序列程序。最后，我们主张采取多种方法，取长补短，取长补短。
This paper offers an up-to-date review of problems in determining causal relationships in cultivation research, and considers the research rationales of various approaches with special reference to causal interpretation. It describes in turn a number of methodologies for addressing the problem and resolving it as far as this is possible. The issue of causal inference arises not only in cultivation research, however, but is basic to all media effects theories and approaches primarily at the macro-level whose main methodology rests on correlational studies (agenda-setting, spiral of silence, knowledge gap hypothesis, etc.). We therefore first discuss problems of causal interpretation in connection with the cultivation hypothesis, and then sketch in summary how these problems arise with other media effects theories. We first set out the basic features of the cultivation approach, then consider the difficulties with correlational studies and discuss alternative research designs - designs which are not original to us, but have been adapted for cultivation research. These comprise laboratory experiments, sequential studies, social studies and time-series procedures. Finally, we argue for multiple approaches that complement one another's advantages and balance out their disadvantages.