Fuel cell systems: efficient, flexible energy conversion for the 21st century
Fuel cell systems: efficient, flexible energy conversion for the 21st century
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DOI：
10.1109/5.975914
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发表时间：
2001-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Ellis;M. V. Spakovsky;D. Nelson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Ellis;M. V. Spakovsky;D. Nelson
在世纪之初，燃料电池似乎准备满足各种应用的电力需求。燃料电池是将化学能转化为电能和热能的电化学装置。燃料电池系统可用于满足从便携式电子设备到公用事业发电厂的应用需求。除了燃料电池堆本身之外，燃料电池系统还包括燃料处理器和子系统以管理空气、水热能和功率。整个系统在全负荷和部分负荷下都是高效的，可扩展到各种尺寸，环境友好，并且在初始成本上与传统技术具有潜在的竞争力。燃料电池的应用前景包括便携式电源、运输、建筑热电联产和公用事业的分布式电源。对于便携式电力，与燃料容器耦合的燃料电池可以提供比常规电池系统更高的能量存储密度和更方便。在运输应用中，燃料电池提供比传统发动机更高的效率和更好的部分负载性能。在固定电源应用中，低排放允许燃料电池位于高功率密度区域，在那里它们可以补充现有的公用电网。此外，燃料电池系统可以直接连接到建筑物，以提供电力和热量，热电联产效率高达80%。
At the beginning of the 21st century, fuel cells appear poised to meet the power needs of a variety of applications. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy to electricity and thermal energy. Fuel cell systems are available to meet the needs of applications ranging from portable electronics to utility power plants. In addition to the fuel cell stack itself, a fuel cell system includes a fuel processor and subsystems to manage air, water thermal energy, and power. The overall system is efficient at full and part-load, scaleable to a wide range of sizes, environmentally friendly, and potentially competitive with conventional technology in first cost. Promising applications for fuel cells include portable power, transportation, building cogeneration, and distributed power for utilities. For portable power a fuel cell coupled with a fuel container can offer a higher energy storage density and more convenience than conventional battery systems. In transportation applications, fuel cells offer higher efficiency and better part-load performance than conventional engines. In stationary power applications, low emissions permit fuel cells to be located in high power density areas where they can supplement the existing utility grid. Furthermore, fuel cell systems can be directly connected to a building to provide both power and heat with cogeneration efficiencies as high as 80%.