A versatile technique for the investigation of gunshot residue patterns on fabrics and other surfaces: m-XRF
A versatile technique for the investigation of gunshot residue patterns on fabrics and other surfaces: m-XRF
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00225.x
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Barth, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berendes, Antje;Neimke, Dieter;Barth, Martin
随着无重金属弹药越来越受欢迎，有必要找到方法来可视化那些元素在枪击残留物（GSR）中的模式，这是无法通过化学显色测试。最近推出的毫米X射线荧光分析（m-XRF）光谱仪Spectro Midex M提供了一种简单的方法来记录含有这些元素的GSR的映射，以确定拍摄距离以及这些粒子的一般成分。电动载物台可对最大尺寸为20 x 20 cm的样品进行研究，如织物、衣服、胶带（Filmolux（R））和射击手的聚乙烯醇手套。人体组织可以使用安装在载物台上的Peltier冷却样本保持器进行测量。由于出射X射线的光斑尺寸在毫米范围内，这足以评估用于确定射击距离的残留图案，因此与mu-XRF方法相比，测量时间显著减少。用不含重金属的弹药在不同的靶材料上进行了测试，如猪皮和织物，并确定了Ti，K和Ga的元素分布。为了显示该光谱仪对常规铅弹药的能力，对5-100 cm射击距离的射击系列和射手手的胶带进行了类似的研究。通过对几种方法的比较，说明了m-XRF方法的优越性。
With heavy-metal-free ammunitions becoming more and more popular, it is necessary to find methods to visualize patterns of those elements in gunshot residues (GSRs) that are not accessible by chemographic coloring tests. The recently introduced millimeter-X-ray fluorescence analysis (m-XRF) spectrometer Spectro Midex M offers an easy way to record mappings of GSRs containing such elements in order to determine shooting distances as well as the general composition of these particles. A motorized stage enables samples of a maximum size of 20 x 20 cm to be investigated, like fabric, clothes, adhesive tapes (Filmolux((R)) films), and polyvinylalcohol gloves of shooter's hands. Human tissues can be measured using a Peltier-cooled specimen holder that is mounted onto the stage. As the spot size of the exiting X-rays lies in the millimeter range, which is adequate for the assessment of the residue patterns for shooting distance determination, a significant reduction in measurement time is achieved compared with mu-XRF methods. Test shots with heavy-metal-free ammunitions were performed on different target materials, like pork skin and fabric, and the elemental distributions of Ti, K, and Ga were determined. In order to show the capability of the spectrometer for conventional lead ammunitions as well, a shot series of 5-100 cm shooting distance and an adhesive tape of a shooter's hand were investigated analogously. A comparison of several methods applied in GSR investigation shows the advantages of the m-XRF method.