Dynamics of among-individual behavioral variation over adult lifespan in a wild insect.
Dynamics of among-individual behavioral variation over adult lifespan in a wild insect.
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arv048
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发表时间：
2015-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rodríguez-Muñoz R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisher DN;David M;Tregenza T;Rodríguez-Muñoz R
野生蟋蟀在成年期表现出一致的行为模式，随着年龄的增长，它们的行为变得越来越可预测。我们给蟋蟀打上标签，然后定期把它们抓回来，在实验室里测量它们的行为。这表明，不是年龄对行为的影响不同，而是整个人群的行为模式是一致的。我们不存在这样的情况：一些蟋蟀活得快，死得早，而另一些蟋蟀活得慢，活得轻松。研究群体中个体间和个体内性状变异的模式对于理解选择如何塑造表型至关重要。行为通常是表型中最灵活的方面，为了理解它是如何受到选择的影响，我们需要研究个体的一致性。然而，个体之间的差异是否会在一生中保持一致，或者个体之间的相对行为是否会随着时间的推移而变化，人们还没有很好地理解。我们研究了野外蟋蟀（Gryllus campestris）的4种行为特征（离开避难所的倾向、害羞、活跃和探索）的动态。我们给个体打上标签，然后暂时把它们从自然环境中移走，在实验室条件下对它们进行测试。所有4个性状在整个成年期的平均表达水平上都存在个体差异，但在表达随年龄变化的速度上没有显著差异。所有性状的个体差异都随着个体年龄的增长而增加。我们的研究结果表明，在野生个体的成年期，方差成分的变化很少被检查。这种变化将对行为特征、生活史、适应性和野生个体的选择结果之间的关系产生重要影响。
Wild crickets show consistent patterns of behavior over their adult lifetimes and as they get older they become increasingly predictable. We tagged crickets and then periodically recaptured them and measured their behavior in the lab. This revealed that rather than variation in how age affects behavior, there were consistent patterns across the whole population. We do not have a situation where some crickets live fast and die young while others take it easy and slow. Investigating patterns of among and within-individual trait variation in populations is essential to understanding how selection shapes phenotypes. Behavior is often the most flexible aspect of the phenotype, and to understand how it is affected by selection, we need to examine how consistent individuals are. However, it is not well understood whether among-individual differences tend to remain consistent over lifetimes, or whether the behavior of individuals relative to one another varies over time. We examined the dynamics of 4 behavioral traits (tendency to leave a refuge, shyness, activity, and exploration) in a wild population of field crickets (Gryllus campestris). We tagged individuals and then temporarily removed them from their natural environment and tested them under laboratory conditions. All 4 traits showed among-individual variance in mean levels of expression across the adult lifespan, but no significant differences in how rapidly expression changed with age. For all traits, among-individual variance increased as individuals got older. Our findings reveal seldom examined changes in variance components over the adult lifetime of wild individuals. Such changes will have important implications for the relationship between behavioral traits, life-histories, and fitness and the consequences of selection on wild individuals.
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