Infant ability to tell voices apart rests on language experience
Infant ability to tell voices apart rests on language experience
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01052.x
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Cutler, Anne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, Elizabeth K.;Westrek, Ellen;Cutler, Anne
一项视觉固定研究测试了 7 个月大的孩子是否能够区分不同的说话者。婴儿首先习惯于说话者用熟悉或不熟悉的语言说出句子，然后听到以前从未听过的说话者的测试句子，要么是习惯用的语言，要么是另一种语言。当测试中的语言与习惯中的语言不匹配时，婴儿总是会注意到这种变化。然而，当语言保持不变并且只有说话者发生变化时，婴儿只有在语言是母语的情况下才能察觉到这种变化。母语与婴儿不同的成人听众无法再现婴儿所表现出的辨别模式，婴儿在反向言语中既没有检测到声音也没有语言的变化；这两个结果都反对用刺激的声学特性来解释母语语音歧视。与许多其他感知能力一样，识别说话者的能力很大程度上受到早期生活经历的影响。
A visual fixation study tested whether 7-month-olds can discriminate between different talkers. The infants were first habituated to talkers producing sentences in either a familiar or unfamiliar language, then heard test sentences from previously unheard speakers, either in the language used for habituation, or in another language. When the language at test mismatched that in habituation, infants always noticed the change. When language remained constant and only talker altered, however, infants detected the change only if the language was the native tongue. Adult listeners with a different native tongue from the infants did not reproduce the discriminability patterns shown by the infants, and infants detected neither voice nor language changes in reversed speech; both these results argue against explanation of the native-language voice discrimination in terms of acoustic properties of the stimuli. The ability to identify talkers is, like many other perceptual abilities, strongly influenced by early life experience.