A SEGMENTATION OF BEHAVIOR
A SEGMENTATION OF BEHAVIOR
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-3956(67)90004-0
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发表时间：
1967-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
OGSTON, WD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CONDON, WS;OGSTON, WD
与人类行为的有声电影的对抗使观察者沉浸在一个快速流动和变化的声音和运动场景中。似乎没有明确的边界点将事件流划分为离散的部分。本文旨在提出一个声明的方法和调查结果相关的分析这种持续的行为。在叙述过程中，试图将方法陈述和调查结果陈述交织在一起，重点放在方法上。语言，在其自然发生的讲话，从来没有脱离，但总是通过行为表现出来。举例来说：声音的降低，“当”眼睛睁大时，“当”眉毛扬起时，“当”手臂和手指移动时，“当”头低下时，“当”腿和脚移动时，“当”脸发红时，与说了什么或没说什么有什么关系？这是如何被紧接在前和紧随其后的同样复杂的变化结构所改变的？那么，上述所有变化又是如何与互动中的其他人的类似参与行为相关联的呢？我们常常很清楚一个人说了什么、想表达什么，但不能准确地说出他是如何做到的，也不能准确地说出我们是如何理解他的，因此，寻找行为的单位、它们的组织和它们的经验验证，构成了行为分析的中心问题。一种分割行为流的方法，发现关于其顺序的信息位于何处，也作为一个伴随的考虑因素出现。在实验方法中控制变量的需要倾向于修改所研究的过程。在人类行为中，人们往往甚至不清楚变量是什么，以至于它们可以被控制。在某种程度上，所需要的是一种方法，它可以调查并对一个过程做出相对严格的、可预测的陈述，而不会过于严重地破坏这个过程。在更一般的层面上，这也涉及到一些关注如何看似离散的元素成为“组织”成连续的过程。
CONFRONTATION with a sound motion picture of human behavior overwhelms the observer with a rapidly flowing and shifting scene of sound and motion. There seem to be no clear boundary points dividing the flow of events into discrete segments. This paper seeks to present a statement of method and findings relevant to the analysis of such ongoing behavior. An attempt is made to interweave statements of method and statements of findings during the narration, with emphasis given to method. Language, in its natural occurrence as speech, is never disembodied but is always manifested through behavior. For example: what does the lowering of the voice,‘while’the eyes widen,‘while’the brows raise,‘while’an arm and fingers move,‘while’the head lowers,‘while’a leg and foot shift,‘while’the face flushes, have to do with what was said or left unsaid? How is this modified by the equally complex configurations of change which immediately precede and follow? And how are all of the above changes, in turn, related to the similarly involved behavior of the other person or persons in the interaction? We are quite often very clear about what a person said and meant but cannot tell precisely how he accomplished it or how we are able to accomplish our understanding of it. The search for the units of behavior, their organization and their empirical validation, thus constitutes the central problem of behavioral analysis. A method of segmenting the stream of behavior, of discovering where information about its order is located, also emerges as a concomitant consideration. The need to control the variables in experimental method tends to modify the process under investigation. In human behavior, it is quite often not even clear what the variables are, such that they could be controlled. What is required to some extent is a method which could investigate and make relatively rigorous, predictable statements about a process without disrupting the process too severely. At a more general level this also involves some concern about how seemingly discrete elements become ‘organized’into continuous processes.