Studies of the conditioned reflex in lower vertebrates
Studies of the conditioned reflex in lower vertebrates
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低等脊椎动物条件反射的研究
DOI：
10.1007/bf00351643
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发表时间：
1968
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Y. Kanayama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Kanayama
在孵卵场饲养的和野生出生的大马哈鱼（Onchorhynchus keta(Walbaum)）的鱼苗群中建立了防御性条件反射，使用食肉鱼的塑料模型作为条件刺激，电击作为非条件刺激。随着年龄的增长，条件反射的阐述效率、稳定性和保留率均有所提高。在大多数鱼已经适应良好的一组中，强化较差的少数鱼跟随多数鱼的普遍防御运动。对鱼模型的反射很容易普遍化，即扩展到其他物体。野生鱼苗在实验室中对鱼模型表现出自然获得的防御行为。一些经过人工强化的群体在鱼鳍上做了标记，然后被放归上游一个封闭的实验河区，在下游被重新捕获。这些群体中相对较高的存活率证明了精心设计的防御反射对自然捕食者的有效性。
A defensive conditioned reflex was established in groups of fry of hatchery-reared and wild-born chum salmon,Onchorhynchus keta(Walbaum), using a plastic model of predatory fish as conditioned stimulus and an electric shock as unconditioned stimulus. Efficiency of elaboration, stability, and retention of the conditioned reflex were improved with age. In a group in which the majority of fish had been well conditioned, the poorly-reinforced minority followed the prevailing defensive movement of the majority group. The reflex to the fish model was readily generalized i.e., extended to other objects. Wild fry showed naturally-acquired, defensive behavior against the fish-model in the laboratory. Some artificially reinforced groups were marked on their fins and released upstream in a closed, experimental river-area, being recaptured downstream. The relatively high rate of survival in these groups proved the effectiveness of the elaborated defensive reflex against natural predators.