Turning visual search time on its head
Turning visual search time on its head
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DOI：
10.1016/j.visres.2012.04.005
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Arun, S. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arun, S. P.
我们的日常视觉体验经常涉及在混乱中搜索物体。为什么一些搜索容易而其他搜索？人们普遍认为，找到目标的时间增加了，因为它变得与周围的干扰物相似。在这里，我表明，尽管这在定性上是正确的，但实际上确切的关系不是线性的。在一个简单的搜索实验中，当受试者搜索与干扰物不同方向不同的栏的标准时，搜索时间与方向的角度差异成反比。因此，我们可以将搜索时间在其头上（即，以相互1/rt为fortrocal 1/rt）上的搜索时间来获得搜索差异的度量，而不是将搜索反应时间（RT）作为目标 - 分散器相似性的度量。各种目标分散器差异。我表明，这种不同的度量具有距离度量的属性，并报告了两个有趣的见解来自此措施：首先，对于大量搜索，搜索不对称性相对较少，并且确实发生时，搜索不对劲，而固定距离则不同。其次，搜索距离可用于阐明基于搜索的对象表示形式 - 例如，这些表示形式大致不变到三维视图。最后，搜索距离在搜索的累加模型的上下文中具有直接的解释，在搜索量的累加模型中，它与积分以产生响应的判别信号成正比。这与最近的研究相一致，该研究将这一距离与视觉皮层中的神经元可区分性联系在一起。因此，尽管搜索时间仍然是对视觉搜索的更直接度量，但其倒数也具有有趣和新颖的见解的潜力。 （c）2012 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
Our everyday visual experience frequently involves searching for objects in clutter. Why are some searches easy and others hard? It is generally believed that the time taken to find a target increases as it becomes similar to its surrounding distractors. Here, I show that while this is qualitatively true, the exact relationship is in fact not linear. In a simple search experiment, when subjects searched for a bar differing in orientation from its distractors, search time was inversely proportional to the angular difference in orientation. Thus, rather than taking search reaction time (RT) to be a measure of target-distractor similarity, we can literally turn search time on its head (i.e. take its reciprocal 1/RT) to obtain a measure of search dissimilarity that varies linearly over a large range of target-distractor differences. I show that this dissimilarity measure has the properties of a distance metric, and report two interesting insights come from this measure: First, for a large number of searches, search asymmetries are relatively rare and when they do occur, differ by a fixed distance. Second, search distances can be used to elucidate object representations that underlie search - for example, these representations are roughly invariant to three-dimensional view. Finally, search distance has a straightforward interpretation in the context of accumulator models of search, where it is proportional to the discriminative signal that is integrated to produce a response. This is consistent with recent studies that have linked this distance to neuronal discriminability in visual cortex. Thus, while search time remains the more direct measure of visual search, its reciprocal also has the potential for interesting and novel insights. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.