Global mass balance for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans
Global mass balance for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans
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DOI：
10.1021/es950714n
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发表时间：
1996-06-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Hites, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brzuzy, LP;Hites, RA
对全球107个土壤样品中的氯代二恶英和二苯并呋喃（PCDD/F）进行了测量，并确定了沉积通量。根据气候和地理因素将地球划分为五个沉积带，估算了陆面沉积。这些区域的平均沉积通量为18至610 ng m（-2）yr（-1）。在大多数未受工业化影响的地区，观测到的通量较低。据估计，从大气层到陆地的全球沉积总量为12 500 +/-1 300千克/年。根据有限的数据，海洋沉积量估计约为610 +/- 1500千克/年，全球大气沉积总量为13100 +/- 2000千克/年。通过确定多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃主要来源的排放系数和生产率，估算了多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃向全球大气的排放量。本研究中考虑的主要来源是城市垃圾焚烧、生物质燃烧、钢铁厂和铜厂排放、水泥窑排放、医疗垃圾焚烧和汽车排放，年总排放量估计为3000 +/- 600 kg。全球沉积量（见上文）大约是年排放量的四倍。这表明多氯二苯并对二恶英/多氯二苯并呋喃的来源没有得到很好的定性。需要更多关于排放因素（特别是来自发展中国家的数据）和关于多氯二苯并对二恶英/多氯二苯并呋喃进入全球大气层的速度的数据。
Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) were measured in 107 soil samples globally, and depositional fluxes were determined. Deposition to land surfaces was estimated by dividing the earth into five depositional zones based on climatic and geographical factors. Mean depositional fluxes to these zones ranged from 18 to 610 ng m(-2) yr(-1). Low fluxes were observed in most zones not impacted by industrialization. Total global deposition from the atmosphere to land was estimated to be 12 500 +/- 1300 kg/yr. Based on limited data, deposition to the oceans was estimated to be about 610 +/- 1500 kg/yr, yielding a total global deposition of 13 100 +/- 2000 kg/yr from the atmosphere. Emissions of PCDD/F to the global atmosphere were estimated by determining emission factors and production rates for the major PCDD/F sources. The major sources considered in this study were municipal waste incineration, biomass combustion, steel and copper mill emissions, cement kiln emissions, medical waste incineration, and emissions from automobiles Total annual emissions were estimated to be 3000 +/- 600 kg. Global deposition (see above) is roughly four times greater than annual emissions. This suggests that sources of PCDD/F are not well-characterized. More data are needed on emission factors (particularly from developing countries) and on introduction rates of PCDD/F to the global atmosphere.