Future directions for forest restoration in Hawai‘i
Future directions for forest restoration in Hawai‘i
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夏威夷森林恢复的未来方向
DOI：
10.1007/s11056-015-9507-3
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
C. Trauernicht
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Friday;S. Cordell;C. Giardina;Faith M Inman;N. Koch;J. Leary;C. Litton;C. Trauernicht
夏威夷一直是研究营养循环和保护生物学的模型系统。这些岛屿也可能成为探索森林恢复新办法的实验室，因为它们有着共同的退化历史，而且正在开展越来越多的恢复项目。夏威夷大约一半的原生生态系统已经转变为非原生条件。许多恢复项目的重点是集中管理本地植物的种植，重点是受威胁和濒危物种。虽然这些项目在稳定植物种群方面是有效的，但这种模式对于保护流域和为稀有鸟类提供栖息地所需的规模的恢复来说，往往是过于昂贵的。在这里，我们建议重新思考生态恢复的方法，适用于整个热带地区，特别是在岛屿和火灾多发的草原。首先，我们建议利用非本地的，非入侵的物种，以帮助恢复退化或入侵的网站或作为计划恢复结果的长期组成部分。第二，我们建议将遥感技术，以改善恢复进行。最后，我们建议借用工业林业的植物生产、杂草控制和场地准备技术，以降低恢复成本。这些建议在某些情况下将产生不同于本地参照系的生态系统，但这些生态系统可以适用于比目前大多数恢复工作更大的地区，同时提供重要的生态系统服务。我们还强调，社区参与是成功恢复的关键，因为几乎所有恢复项目的主要目标都是重新将社区与森林联系起来。
Hawai‘i has served as a model system for studies of nutrient cycling and conservation biology. The islands may also become a laboratory for exploring new approaches to forest restoration because of a common history of degradation and the growing number of restoration projects undertaken. Approximately half of the native ecosystems of Hawai‘i have been converted to non-native conditions. Many restoration projects have focused on intensively managed out plantings of native plants with emphasis on threatened and endangered species. While these projects have been effective in stabilizing plant populations, this model is often prohibitively expensive for restoration at the scale needed to protect watersheds and provide habitat for rare bird species. Here we suggest ways of rethinking ecological restoration that are applicable across the tropics, particularly on islands and fire-prone grasslands. First, we suggest making use of non-native, non-invasive species to help reclaim degraded or invaded sites or as long-term components of planned restoration outcomes. Second, we suggest incorporating remote sensing techniques to refine where restoration is carried out. Finally, we suggest borrowing technologies in plant production, weed control, and site preparation from industrial forestry to lower restoration costs. These suggestions would result in ecosystems that differ from native reference systems in some cases but which could be applied to much larger areas than most current restoration efforts while providing important ecosystem services. We also stress that community involvement is key to successful restoration, as a major goal of almost all restoration projects is to re-connect the community with the forest.