Pediatric exposure and potential toxicity of phthalate plasticizers
Pediatric exposure and potential toxicity of phthalate plasticizers
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.111.6.1467
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Shea, KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shea, KM
邻苯二甲酸酯是添加到聚氯乙烯（PVC）产品中以赋予柔韧性和耐久性的增塑剂。它们大量生产，产生广泛但定义不明确的人类接触和独特的儿童接触。邻苯二甲酸酯是动物致癌物，可导致实验室动物的胎儿死亡、畸形和生殖毒性。毒性特征和效力因具体的邻苯二甲酸酯而异。这些毒性的程度及其对人类的适用性仍然没有完全确定和有争议。两种邻苯二甲酸酯，邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯（DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯（DINP），最近受到了相当大的关注，因为特别关注儿科暴露。与所有邻苯二甲酸盐一样，DEHP和DINP是食品、室内空气、土壤和沉积物中普遍存在的污染物。DEHP用于玩具和医疗器械。DINP是儿童玩具中使用的主要增塑剂。科学小组、倡导团体和行业团体分析了有关DEHP和DINP的文献，并对其安全性得出了不同的结论。之所以存在争议，是因为对人类的风险必须从动物数据中推断出来，而动物数据显示了不同物种、接触途径和接触年龄的毒性差异，而且人类接触数据持续存在不确定性。本报告讨论了生殖和发育毒性的敏感终点以及儿科暴露于邻苯二甲酸酯的独特方面。DEHP和DINP被用作具体例子来说明争议。
Phthalates are plasticizers that are added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products to impart flexibility and durability. They are produced in high volume and generate extensive though poorly defined human exposures and unique childhood exposures. Phthalates are animal carcinogens and can cause fetal death, malformations, and reproductive toxicity in laboratory animals. Toxicity profiles and potency vary by specific phthalate. The extent of these toxicities and their applicability to humans remains incompletely characterized and controversial. Two phthalates, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP), have received considerable attention recently because of specific concerns about pediatric exposures. Like all phthalates, DEHP and DINP are ubiquitous contaminants in food, indoor air, soils, and sediments. DEHP is used in toys and medical devices. DINP is a major plasticizer used in children's toys.Scientific panels, advocacy groups, and industry groups have analyzed the literature on DEHP and DINP and have come to different conclusions about their safety. The controversy exists because risk to humans must be extrapolated from animal data that demonstrate differences in toxicity by species, route of exposure, and age at exposure and because of persistent uncertainties in human exposure data. This report addresses sensitive endpoints of reproductive and developmental toxicity and the unique aspects of pediatric exposures to phthalates that generate concern. DEHP and DINP are used as specific examples to illustrate the controversy.