In vivo imaging in autoimmune diseases in the central nervous system.
In vivo imaging in autoimmune diseases in the central nervous system.
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中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病的体内成像
DOI:
10.1016/j.alit.2016.02.001
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kawakami N.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kawakami N.
Intravital imaging is becoming more popular and is being used to visualize cellular motility and functions. In contrast to in vitro analysis, which resembles in vivo analysis, intravital imaging can be used to observe and analyze cells directly in vivo. In this review, I will summarize recent imaging studies of autoreactive T cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) and provide technical background. During their in vivo journey, autoreactive T cells interact with many different cells. At first, autoreactive T cells interact with endothelial cells in the airways of the lung or with splenocytes, where they acquire a migratory phenotype to infiltrate into the CNS. After arriving at the CNS, they interact with endothelial cells of the leptomeningeal vessels or the choroid plexus before passing through the bloodebrain barrier. CNS-infiltrating T cells become activated by recognizing endogenous autoantigens presented by local antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This activation was visualized in vivo by using protein-based sensors. One such sensor detects changes in intracellular calcium concentration as an early marker of T cell activation. Another sensor detects translocation of Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) from cytosol to nucleus as a definitive sign of T cell activation. Importantly, intravital imaging is not just used to visualize cellular behavior. Together with precise analysis, intravital imaging deepens our knowledge of cellular functions in living organs and also provides a platform for developing therapeutic treatments.
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影响因子:
32.4
作者:
Jung, S;Unutmaz, D;Lang, RA
通讯作者:
Lang, RA
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0705033104
发表时间:
2007
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
作者:
F. Odoardi;N. Kawakami;W. Klinkert;H. Wekerle;Alexander Flügel
通讯作者:
Alexander Flügel
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0608383104
发表时间:
2007
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
作者:
F. Odoardi;N. Kawakami;Zhaoxia Li;C. Cordiglieri;K. Streyl;M. Nosov;W. Klinkert;J. Ellwart;J. Bauer;H. Lassmann;H. Wekerle;A. Flügel
通讯作者:
A. Flügel
影响因子:
15.9
作者:
Burford, James L.;Villanueva, Kane;Peti-Peterdi, Janos
通讯作者:
Peti-Peterdi, Janos
影响因子:
32.4
作者:
Mempel, Thorsten R.;Pittet, Mikael J.;von Andrian, Ulrich H.
通讯作者:
von Andrian, Ulrich H.