The Developmental Trajectory of the Operational Momentum Effect
The Developmental Trajectory of the Operational Momentum Effect
复制标题
运营动量效应的发展轨迹
作者：
Pedro Pinheiro;D. Didino;V. Haase;Guilherme Maia de Oliveira Wood;A. Knops
心算被认为与视觉空间能力密切相关。这种联系最有力的证据之一是广泛复制的操作动量（OM）效应：高估加法结果和低估减法结果的倾向。尽管在婴儿和成人中都发现了 OM 效应，但迄今为止还没有研究直接调查其发育轨迹。然而，为了充分理解 OM 效应核心的认知机制，研究其发展动态非常重要。在本研究中，我们调查了 162 名 8 至 12 岁儿童中 OM 效应的发展情况。参与者必须从五个答案中选择近似加法和减法问题的正确结果。响应选项同时呈现在屏幕上的不同位置。虽然在最小年龄组中没有观察到效果，但 9 岁及以上的儿童表现出明显的 OM 效果。有趣的是，OM 效应随着年龄的增长而单调增加。 OM 效果的提高伴随着整体准确度的提高。也就是说，年龄较小的孩子会犯更多的非系统性错误，而年龄较大的孩子会犯较少的系统性错误。 OM 效应随年龄的单调增加并不是由压缩帐户（即对压缩代码执行的线性计算）预测的。然而，基于视觉空间注意力和心理计算之间的函数关系以及正规学校教育的影响，注意力转移帐户为这些结果提供了可能的解释。我们认为，算术技能的获得可以加强对空间心理数线和控制沿着该度量的位移的注意力机制的系统依赖。我们的结果为理解近似计算背后的机制提供了一步，并为经常账户对 OM 效应的起源提供了重要的经验约束。
Mental calculation is thought to be tightly related to visuospatial abilities. One of the strongest evidence for this link is the widely replicated operational momentum (OM) effect: the tendency to overestimate the result of additions and to underestimate the result of subtractions. Although the OM effect has been found in both infants and adults, no study has directly investigated its developmental trajectory until now. However, to fully understand the cognitive mechanisms lying at the core of the OM effect it is important to investigate its developmental dynamics. In the present study, we investigated the development of the OM effect in a group of 162 children from 8 to 12 years old. Participants had to select among five response alternatives the correct result of approximate addition and subtraction problems. Response alternatives were simultaneously presented on the screen at different locations. While no effect was observed for the youngest age group, children aged 9 and older showed a clear OM effect. Interestingly, the OM effect monotonically increased with age. The increase of the OM effect was accompanied by an increase in overall accuracy. That is, while younger children made more and non-systematic errors, older children made less but systematic errors. This monotonous increase of the OM effect with age is not predicted by the compression account (i.e., linear calculation performed on a compressed code). The attentional shift account, however, provides a possible explanation of these results based on the functional relationship between visuospatial attention and mental calculation and on the influence of formal schooling. We propose that the acquisition of arithmetical skills could reinforce the systematic reliance on the spatial mental number line and attentional mechanisms that control the displacement along this metric. Our results provide a step in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying approximate calculation and an important empirical constraint for current accounts on the origin of the OM effect.
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影响因子：
4
作者：
Booth, JL;Siegler, RS
通讯作者：
Siegler, RS
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Booth, Julie L.;Siegler, Robert S.
通讯作者：
Siegler, Robert S.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Pinheiro-Chagas P;Wood G;Knops A;Krinzinger H;Lonnemann J;Starling-Alves I;Willmes K;Haase VG
通讯作者：
Haase VG
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Siegler, RS;Booth, JL
通讯作者：
Booth, JL
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Fischer MH;Knops A
通讯作者：
Knops A