Fish 'n' chips: the use of microarrays for aquatic toxicology
Fish 'n' chips: the use of microarrays for aquatic toxicology
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DOI：
10.1039/b612802p
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Barber, David S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Denslow, Nancy D.;Garcia-Reyero, Natalia;Barber, David S.
基因表达分析正在改变我们看待毒性的方式，允许毒理学家对整个转录组进行平行分析。虽然这一技术在水生毒理学方面不如在哺乳动物模型方面先进，但它已显示出确定作用模式、确定生物标志物和开发可用于实地和混合物研究的化学品“特征”的前景。在水生毒理学中使用微阵列的一个主要障碍是缺乏非模式物种的序列信息。定制阵列的基因库的基础上，丰富的基因，表达在响应特定的污染物已被用于一些非模式物种的出色的成功，这表明这种方法将工作良好的生态毒理学和刺激的cDNA文库的测序物种的利益。新的测序技术和基因表达数据库的发展将加速微阵列在水生毒理学中的应用。尽管已经取得了初步的成功，甚至与部分cDNA文库打印在阵列上，生态样品提出了升高的挑战，这种技术由于高度的变化的样品。此外，最近的研究表明，生态物种的非线性毒性反应强调了建立时间和剂量依赖性的影响基因表达和比较这些结果与传统的毒性标志物的必要性。为了充分发挥微阵列的潜力，研究人员必须进行必要的实验，以弥合“组学”技术和传统毒理学之间的差距，以证明微阵列在生态毒理学中具有预测价值。
Gene expression analysis is changing the way that we look at toxicity, allowing toxicologists to perform parallel analyses of entire transcriptomes. While this technology is not as advanced in aquatic toxicology as it is for mammalian models, it has shown promise for determining modes of action, identifying biomarkers and developing "signatures" of chemicals that can be used for field and mixture studies. A major hurdle for the use of microarrays in aquatic toxicology is the lack of sequence information for non-model species. Custom arrays based on gene libraries enriched for genes that are expressed in response to specific contaminants have been used with excellent success for some non-model species, suggesting that this approach will work well for ecotoxicology and spurring on the sequencing of cDNA libraries for species of interest. New sequencing technology and development of repositories for gene expression data will accelerate the use of microarrays in aquatic toxicology. Notwithstanding the preliminary successes that have been achieved even with partial cDNA libraries printed on arrays, ecological samples present elevated challenges for this technology due to the high degree of variation of the samples. Furthermore, recent studies that show nonlinear toxic responses for ecological species underscore the necessity of establishing time and dose dependence of effects on gene expression and comparing these results with traditional markers of toxicity. To realize the full potential of microarrays, researchers must do the experiments required to bridge the gap between the 'omics' technologies and traditional toxicology to demonstrate that microarrays have predictive value in ecotoxicology.