Public Attitudes About Eye and Vision Health
Public Attitudes About Eye and Vision Health
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DOI：
10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.2627
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Jorkasky, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scott, Adrienne W.;Bressler, Neil M.;Jorkasky, James
了解眼健康对不同种族和种族的美国人口的重要性，有助于指导保护美国人视力的策略，并告知政策制定者有关美国人眼科研究的优先事项。目的了解美国不同民族和种族人群中眼睛健康的重要性和意识。设计、环境和参与者由经验丰富的政策制定者于2014年8月创建的在线全国民意调查，旨在了解美国人口中眼睛健康的重要性，尽管民意调查之前没有经过正式的结构效度测试。该人口调查包括2044名美国成年人，其中包括非西班牙裔白人和少数族裔，少数族裔过抽样提供的预测误差幅度不大于5%。调查对象对眼睛健康的重要性、对视力丧失的担忧、对眼睛健康研究的支持以及对眼病和危险因素的认识的态度。结果2044名调查对象中，体重平均年龄为46.2岁，男性占48%，未参保者占11%。63%的人戴眼镜。大多数接受调查的人（87.5%;95% CI, 84.5%-90%）认为良好的视力对整体健康至关重要，而47.4%（95% CI, 43.7%-51.1%）认为失去视力是最糟糕的健康结果。受访者认为失去视力等于或比失去听力、记忆、语言或肢体更糟。当被问及视力丧失可能造成的各种后果时，人们最关心的是生活质量，其次是丧失独立性。近三分之二的受访者知道白内障（65.8%）或青光眼（63.4%）；只有一半的人意识到黄斑变性；37.3%知晓糖尿病视网膜病变；25%的人没有意识到任何眼部疾病。大约75.8%和58.3%的人分别认为阳光照射和家庭遗传是视力下降的危险因素；只有一半的人意识到吸烟会导致视力下降。结论和相关性在这项对美国所有族裔和种族群体进行的特征明确的调查中，视力健康是优先考虑的问题，并高度支持正在进行的视力和眼睛健康研究。许多美国人不知道重要的眼病及其行为或家族风险因素。这些研究结果在不同民族/种族群体中的一致性强调了对公众进行眼睛健康教育和动员公众支持视力研究的重要性。
IMPORTANCE Understanding the importance of eye health to the US population across ethnic and racial groups helps guide strategies to preserve vision in Americans and inform policy makers regarding priority of eye research to Americans.OBJECTIVE To understand the importance and awareness of eye health in the US population across ethnic and racial groups.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Online nationwide poll created by experienced policy makers in August 2014 designed to understand the importance of eye health in the US population, although the poll was not subjected previously to formal construct-validity testing. The population survey comprised 2044 US adults including non-Hispanic white individuals and minority groups with minority oversampling to provide predicted margins of error no greater than 5%.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Respondent attitudes on the importance of eye health, concerns about losing vision, support for eye health research, and awareness of eye diseases and risk factors.RESULTS Of the 2044 survey respondents, the weighten mean age was 46.2 years, 48% were male, and 11% were uninsured. Sixty three percent reported wearing glasses. Most individuals surveyed (87.5%; 95% CI, 84.5%-90%) believed that good vision is vital to overall health while 47.4%(95% CI, 43.7%-51.1%) rated losing vision as the worst possible health outcome. Respondents ranked losing vision as equal to or worse than losing hearing, memory, speech, or a limb. When asked about various possible consequences of vision loss, quality of life ranked as the top concern followed by loss of independence. Nearly two-thirds of respondents were aware of cataracts (65.8%) or glaucoma (63.4%); only half were aware of macular degeneration; 37.3% were aware of diabetic retinopathy; and 25% were not aware of any eye conditions. Approximately 75.8% and 58.3%, respectively, identified sunlight and family heritage as risk factors for losing vision; only half were aware of smoking risks on vision loss.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this well-characterized survey across all US ethnic and racial groups, vision health was a priority with high support for ongoing research for vision and eye health. Many Americans were unaware of important eye diseases and their behavioral or familial risk factors. The consistency of these findings among the varying ethnic/racial groups underscores the importance of educating the public on eye health and mobilizing public support for vision research.